Transforming Health Care Through a Learning Health System Approach in the Digital Era:Chronic Kidney Disease Management in China

Introduction The last 30 years have witnessed the development of evidencebased medicine.It helps to achieve best practice by incorporating best available evidence into everyday practice.Conventionally,best evidence is generated through clinical studies such as randomized clinical trials(RCTs)and synthesized by systematic review and meta-analysis.Compared to evidence generation,fewer activities are taken to promote evidence uptake in practice.There is a long time lag between evidence and practice,and it may take up to 17 years[1].To close the gap,the concept of learning health system(LHS)was proposed in a roundtable on evidence-based medicine by the Institute of Medicine(IOM)in 2006,which provides a way to leverage data to learn knowledge and to feed it back to the frontline practice in real time[2].