城乡空间视角下县市域公共服务设施分布特征研究——以义乌市为例

A study on the distribution characteristics of public service facilities in county areas from the perspective of urban and rural space:Taking Yiwu City as an example

城乡基本公共服务均等化是增进民生福祉、实现共同富裕的必然要求。按照下沉基本公共服务到社区(村)以及国土空间全域全要素规划每一寸土地的要求,以义乌市为例,采用空间分析方法,探讨全市公共服务设施城乡空间分布特征和配置水平。研究发现,全市公共服务设施在城乡空间分布上表现为“一核、两心、多点”层级分明、放射状的空间分布特征,初步形成了城乡空间公共服务网络化融合的态势,但城乡空间配置不均衡,配置水平参差不齐;商业服务和医疗卫生设施配置最为完善,而社区服务设施配置较为匮乏,是当前全市公共服务设施的短板;文化体育、金融邮电和社区服务设施需着重关注设施供给与居民需求的平衡关系。最后,提出强化城乡交通廊道建设,结合国土空间规划的村庄分级分类,优化全市公共服务设施配置,推进公共服务向乡村覆盖的对策建议。

Equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas is an inevitable requirement for improving peopl’s well-being and realizing common prosperity.In accordance with the requirements of sinking basic public services to communities(villages)and planning every inch of land in the whole area of national land space,Yiwu City is taken as an example,and spatial analysis methods are adopted to explore the characteristics of the urban-rural spatial distribution of public service facilities in the city and the level of their configuration.The study found that the city’s public service facilities in urban and rural spatial distribution of“a core,two centers,multiple points”hierarchical,radial spatial distribution characteristics,that is,the main city as the core area,Fotang Town and Suxi Town for the north and south wings of the public service facilities nodes,the rest of the many public service facilities cluster points scattered spatial distribution characteristics,at the same time taking the transportation corridor as the linkage axis,the public services are extended to the edge townships,initially forming the trend of networked integration of public services in urban and rural spaces.From the view of spatial matching with residents’residences,the spatial configuration of the city’s public service facilities is uneven,and the level of configuration varies.The built-up areas of the main urban areas and towns are well-equipped with public service facilities and have a high level of configuration;the combined urban and rural areas and remote suburbs have insufficient configuration of public service facilities,and the level of configuration needs to be further optimized and improved;the public service facilities in the towns of the mountainous areas of Yibei and Yinan are few and scattered,and the construction of facilities needs to be further strengthened in accordance with the distribution of industries and populations.From the type of public service facilities configuration,commercial services and medical and health facilities configuration is the most complete,while the configuration of community service facilities is relatively scarce,is the current short board of the city’s public service facilities.In addition,cultural and sports,financial,postal and telecommunications and community service facilities need to focus on the balance between the supply of facilities and the demand of residents.Finally,countermeasures are proposed to strengthen the construction of urban and rural transportation corridors,optimize the allocation of public service facilities in the city in combination with the hierarchical classification of villages in territorial spatial planning,and promote the coverage of public services to the countryside.