山区地形起伏度与村落空废关系分析——以理县为例

Analysis on the relationship between village vacancy and abandonment and relief amplitude of mountain land:A case study of Li County

山区村落空废现象受到地形起伏度的显著影响,分析二者的关系对山区村落的保护及发展具有重要意义。本文以四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州理县为例,通过田野调查采集219个村民小组的空废数据,基于ASTER GDEM V2数字高程数据,采用窗口分析法和均值变点法确定最佳统计单元,以提取地形起伏度,并进行地貌类型分类,利用回归分析及空间自相关分析方法解析地形起伏度对村落空废的影响。结果表明:理县的平均村落空废率为41.25%,空废率高值区以甘堡乡为核心、呈一主多次的空间结构;理县地形起伏度的最佳统计单元是0.66 km2,地形起伏度介于101~1208 m,呈“东南高、西北低”的空间格局,以占比超四成的中起伏高中山地貌类型为主;地形起伏度在数量上与村落空废率呈显著正相关,对空废率的影响较海拔高度更大,地形起伏度在空间上与村落空废率呈弱空间正相关,在薛城镇呈高高聚集,在朴头镇、古尔沟镇呈高低聚集。

The evolution process of villages from vacancy to abandonment under the background of rapid urbanization has caused multiple problems such as population aging,waste of land resources,stagnation of economic development,disorder of village spaces,and loss of cultural heritage.The vacant and abandoned villages urgently need to be utilized and developed.Relief amplitude is one of the basic natural elements,which is the basis for dividing landform types and describing terrain undulation characteristics.It is often used to evaluate the suitability of regional human settlement environment and the carrying capacity of resource environment,and highly restricts the production and development of regional social and economic activities.The phenomenon of vacant and abandoned mountainous villages is significantly affected by the relief amplitude,and analyzing the relationship between the two is of great significance for the protection and development of mountainous villages.This paper takes Li County,Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province as an example,the temporal and spatial scope of this study covers village groups in Li County before 1980.This research uses drone surveying,questionnaire survey,and semistructured interview methods to collect the data of vacant and abandoned data from 219 full sample village groups.Based on ASTER GDEM V2 data,the window analysis method and mean change point method are used to determine the optimal statistical unit to extract relief amplitude and classify terrestrial geomorphological type.This paper also uses regression analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis to discuss the impact of relief amplitude on village vacant and abandoned rate.The research conclusions are as follows:Firstly,the phenomenon of village vacancy and abandonment is widespread in Li County.The occurrence rate of the vacant and abandoned villages is 77.17%,the average rate of the vacant and abandoned villages in Li County is 41.25%.And the rate shows a bimodal distribution at the 0%and 100%ends,indicating that the development of regional villages has both prosperity and decline.The high rate areas of the vacant and abandoned villages are concentrated in the eastern region.Secondly,the optimal statistical unit of relief amplitude of Li County is 0.66 km2,and the relief amplitude of Li County shows a spatial distribution pattern of“high in the southeast and low in the northwest”,with values ranging from 101 to 1208 meters.Contrary to the relief amplitude,the altitude of Li County ranges from 1419 to 5840 meters,showing a spatial distribution feature of“low in the southeast and high in the northwest”.Thirdly,in terms of quantity,the vacant and abandoned rate of villages is influenced by altitude and relief amplitude.The rate increases with the increase of relief amplitude and altitude,and the unit increment of relief amplitude has a greater impact on the vacant and abandoned rate than altitude,indicating the impact of relief amplitude on the rate is greater.Fourthly,in terms of space,there is a weak spatial positive correlation between relief amplitude and the vacant and abandoned rate,showing high-high,high-low clustering relationship.The high-high clustering area is located in Xuecheng Town,while the highlow clustering area is located in Guergou Town and Putou Town.At the same time,there is a strong spatial negative correlation between altitude and the vacant and abandoned rate,showing a low-high,high-low clustering relationship.Among them,the low-high clustering area is located in Xuecheng Town,while the high-low clustering area is located in Guergou Town and Putou Town.The different spatial agglomeration relationships mentioned above show the favorable support of industrial structure adjustment for the development of vacant and abandoned villages.The combination of agriculture and tourism in Guergou Town and Xuecheng Town has matured,which enables them to maintain a low vacant and abandoned rate even in high altitude and relief amplitude area.Therefore,this paper suggests that the government should actively pay attention to the vacant and abandoned phenomenon in villages with high relief amplitude,and balance the allocation of public resources in combination with human and natural resources such as residential buildings and mountain scenery,actively adjust the industrial structure of agriculture and tourism,in order to promote the protection and development of mountainous villages.