沙枣2年生植株表型多样性分析与观赏性综合评价

Phenotypic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of ornamental properties of Elaeagnus angustifolia biennial plant

【目的】在园林绿化苗木生产过程中,更早筛选出具有高观赏价值、适合在北方地区推广种植的优良植株,是实现沙枣良种选育的关键。【方法】对106份沙枣Elaeagnus angustifolia 2年生幼苗为试验材料的表型性状、生长情况进行连续2年的观察记录,同时进行相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析探究其表型性状的多样性和观赏特性。【结果】结果表明:1)106份沙枣植株具有丰富的表型变异性,地径年生长量的变异系数最大,为57.56%,分枝角度的多样性指数最高,为2.0232;2)相关性分析表明,株高年生长量与地径年生长量存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),叶长与株高、地径年生长量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);主成分分析表明,前4个主成分累计贡献率达74.449%,其中叶片大小,苗木生长势相关性状指标影响较大;3)供试的106份沙枣幼苗可通过聚类分析划分为4大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群的种质主要特征为叶片小,生长速度缓慢;第Ⅱ类群的种质主要特征为叶片狭长,叶表颜色偏深灰绿,生长势居中;第Ⅲ类群的种质主要特征为叶片大且偏卵圆形、树冠峭立、叶色鲜亮,生长势居中;第Ⅳ类群的种质主要特征为叶片大,树冠张开,生长速度极快。4)采用层次分析法综合分析发现,叶色、株形等8个性状可作为沙枣植株观赏性综合评价的特征性指标。BF1、BF19、BF10为排名前3位综合性状表现优良的沙枣单株。【结论】基于沙枣表型性状分析开展观赏性综合评价,为沙枣实生苗选种、早期选育沙枣优良植株及开发利用提供理论参考。

【Objective】In the production process of providing seedlings for garden greening,the key to achieving the selection and breeding of excellent Elaeagnus angustifolia plants is to screen out plants with high ornamental value that are suitable for promotion in northern regions at an early stage.【Method】Phenotypic traits and growth conditions of 106 E.angustifolia 2-year-old seedlings were recorded for a two-year continuous observation.Correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis were used to explore the diversity and ornamental characteristics of their phenotypic traits.【Result】The results show:1)The 106 E.angustifolia plants exhibited rich phenotypic variation,with the largest variation coefficient in ground diameter annual growth(57.56%)and the highest diversity index in branch angle(2.0232);2)Correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation(P<0.01)between plant height annual growth and ground diameter annual growth,and significant positive correlations(P<0.05)between leaf length and plant height,ground diameter annual growth;Principal component analysis indicated that the first four principal components accounted for 74.449%of the total variance,with leaf size and seedling growth vigor traits having a larger impact;3)The 106 E.angustifolia seedlings tested could be divided into four major groups through cluster analysis,with the main characteristics of the first group being small leaves,and slow growth;the second group’s characteristics being long and narrow leaves,dark grey-green leaf colour,and moderate growth vigor;the third group’s characteristics being large and ovoid leaves,erect canopy,bright leaf color,and moderate growth vigor;the fourth group’s characteristics being large leaves,open canopy,and fast growth;4)Using the analytic hierarchy process for comprehensive analysis,it was found that leaf color,plant shape,and other eight traits could be used as characteristic indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of the ornamental qualities of E.angustifolia.BF1,BF19,BF10 were the top three E.angustifolia individuals with excellent comprehensive trait performance.【Conclusion】A theoretical reference for the selection of E.angustifolia seedlings was provided considering to the early breeding of quality plants,and their development and utilization,based on the analysis of phenotypic traits and comprehensive evaluation of ornamental qualities.