中日“性向词汇”后缀“~家”的跨文化比较

A Comparative Study of Suffix"-jia"and"-ka"in Chinese-Japanese Disposition Related Phrases from a Cross-cultural Perspective

在“中日韩三国性向词汇语料库”中,对中日性向词汇中的“后缀”进行筛选和统计的基础上,重点分析考察了中日文“~家”的共性与差异,得出以下主要结论:第一,两个后缀均可附着于名词、动词和形容词的词根之后,具有共性;第二,两个后缀均可表示“专于某领域或从事某职业的人”或“具有某种特性或倾向的人”,但汉语侧重于前者且词例最多,而日语则以后者居多;第三,由“~家”派生的性向词汇折射出中日两国社会中深层的“负性原理”即通过负面评价警示和规范“自他”不要成为非理想、非正面的人物形象。

By using the Chinese-Japanese-Korean Disposition Related Phrases Corpus to filter and compare disposition related phrases including suffixes"-jia"and"-ka",this paper has drawn the following conclusions.Firstly,both the two suffixes can be attached to roots such as nouns,verbs and adjectives.Secondly,"-jia"and"-ka"show similarity in meaning"people who specialize in a certain field or occupation"or"people with a certain tendency",but compared with the Chinese phrases which are mainly used to express the former meaning,Japanese phrases have a disposition to express the latter meaning.Lastly,it is common between Chinese and Japanese that the disposition related phrases attached to"-jia"and"-ka"are almost always used to convey negative evaluations.This result proves that the negation principle exists in both Chinese and Japanese society.In other words,both Chinese and Japanese regulate themselves and other people not to become non-ideal characters by using negative evaluation.