日语形容词的次生重叠

The Secondary Reduplication of Japanese Adjectives

重叠现象包括词汇层面的原生重叠和句法层面的次生重叠。对真实语料的定量统计结果表明,日语形容词的次生重叠不是一种普遍的句法现象,但部分形容词体现出强烈的可重叠倾向。从标记理论的角度来看,相较于有标记形容词,无标记形容词更易于重叠。形容词次生重叠通常需要满足两个条件:第一,语义上具有可感知性及弥散程度性;第二,句法上须处于现实性的情态。形容词重叠式成立的理据是语言像似性,与基式相比,重叠式不仅仅强调“知识”层面的增量效应,更重要的是实现了摹写说话人“体验”这一语用功能。

Reduplication includes primary reduplication at the lexical level and secondary reduplication at the syntactic level.Although the secondary reduplication of Japanese adjectives is not a common syntactic phenomenon,a strong reduplicable tendency can be observed on particular adjectives.Based on a statistical analysis of corpus data and with a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods,it is found that unmarked adjectives are more likely to reduplicate.Meanwhile,the conditions for the establishment of secondary reduplication of Japanese adjectives are analyzed from both semantic and pragmatic aspect,which shows that perceptibility,gradability and realistic modality are related to the reduplication of adjectives.The secondary reduplication,of which motivation is linguistic iconicity,not only emphasizes the incremental effect at the level of"knowledge",but also realizes the pragmatic function of describing the speaker's"experience".