基于集体所有制对农村体育的历史审视及学术反思

Historical Examination and Academic Reflection of Rural Sports Based on Collective Ownership

新中国成立后,在中国共产党领导下迅速形成的具有社会主义性质的集体所有制,既是组织农业生产的一项基本经济制度,也是治理农村社会的一项基本政治制度,还是改善农民生活的一项基本民生制度。因此,新中国成立后70多年来农村集体所有制的形成、改革与完善,必然左右着农村体育发展的方向和路径,决定着农村体育发展的组织与机制,制约着农村体育发展的规模与形式。该研究采用历史阐释和社会批判的方法,分析集体所有制在不同的历史时期对农村体育发展以何种原因和何种方式产生影响。结果显示:社会主义改造和“农业合作化运动”,使广大农民走上了集体化的合作道路,加速了农民对体育的社会主义认知;社会主义建设和人民公社体制,奠定了农村集体所有制的制度基础,为推动农村体育开展提供了基本的组织方式;改革开放和“家庭联产承包责任制”,重塑了农村的生产关系和社会结构,为农村体育提供了内在的需求与动力;新时代和农村土地制度改革的深化,推进了新型农业经营体系的形成,为农村体育提供了新的发展路径和走向。

After the founding of the People′s Republic of China,the socialist collective ownership rapidly formed under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.The collective ownership is a basic economic system for organizing agricultural production,a basic political system for governing rural society and a basic livelihood system for improving farmers′lives.Therefore the formation,reform and improvement of rural collective ownership for more than 70 years in China will inevitably control the direction and path of rural sports development,determine the organization and mechanism of rural sports development,and restrict the scale and form of rural sports development.With the methods of historical interpretation and social criticism,it analyzed the reasons and ways of collective ownership how to influence the development of rural sports in different historical periods.The results show that:the socialist transformation and"agricultural cooperative movement"make the peasants on the road of collective cooperation,accelerate the peasants′socialist cognition of sports;Socialist construction and people′s commune system have laid the institutional foundation of rural collective ownership and provided the basic organizational mode for promoting rural sports development;The reform and opening up and the"household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output"have reshaped the rural production relations and social structure,and provided the internal demand and motivation for rural sports;The deepening of the new era and rural land system reform has promoted the formation of a new agricultural management system and provided a new development path and trend for rural sports.