中国体育用品国际贸易网络格局演化及结构特征研究

Evolution and Structural Characteristics of China′s International Trade Network of Sporting Goods

该研究基于联合国贸易数据库中1992—2021年的体育用品国际贸易数据,采用复杂网络方法对我国体育用品国际贸易网络演化特征及结构特征进行了分析。研究发现:(1)中国体育用品国际贸易网络整体演化特征为网络规模不断扩大,贸易总量持续增长,贸易顺差较大,出口市场集中度较高,进口市场重心转移倾向明显。(2)产品结构演化特征为出口产品分布呈现“集中—分散—集中”的演化趋势,出口核心国相对固定,主要为美国和日本;进口产品分布由“集中”转为“分散”,主要进口国存在一定变动,前期进口国主要为美国、日本和韩国,进入21世纪后,越南、印度尼西亚、泰国等东南亚国家逐渐成为主要进口国。进出口结构发生逆转,出口产品从运动专用服饰、运动专用鞋靴等劳动力密集型产品向其他体育用品、健身与康复器械等资本密集型和技术密集型产品转变;进口产品结构转变特征与出口相反。建议应合理扩大体育用品进口贸易规模,缓解体育用品进出口贸易规模的不均衡态势;开拓新兴国际市场,提高国际贸易的风险应对能力;坚持创新驱动发展,促进体育用品对外贸易转型升级。

Based on the international trade data of sporting goods from 1992 to 2021 released by the United Nations Comtrade Database,this study uses the complex network method to study the overall evolution characteristics and product structure evolution characteristics of Chinese international trade network of sports goods.It is found that:(1)The overall evolution characteristics:the scale of Chinese international trade network of sports goods continued to expand,and that the total trade volume continued to grow,with large trade surplus.The concentration of export market is high,and the shift of focus of import market is obvious.(2)Product structure evolution characteristics:the distribution of export products presents an evolutionary trend of"centralization-decentralization-concentration",and the core export countries are relatively fixed,mainly the United States and Japan.The distribution of imported products has changed from"concentrated"to"dispersed",and there are certain changes in the main importing countries.In the early stage,the import objects are mainly the United States,Japan and the Republic of Korea.In the 21st century,Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam,Indonesia and Thailand have gradually become the main importing countries.The import and export structure of sporting goods has reversed,and the export products have changed from labor-intensive products such as sports special clothing,sports special shoes and boots to capital-intensive and technology-intensive products such as sporting goods and equipment,fitness and rehabilitation equipment,and the structural transformation characteristics of imported products are the opposite of exports.The study proposes that the scale of import trade of sporting goods should be reasonably expanded to alleviate the imbalance of the scale of import and export trade of sporting goods;explore emerging international markets and improve the ability to cope with international trade risks;adhere to innovation-driven development and promote the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade in sporting goods.