不同肥料配施对樱桃园土壤微生物群落结构及多样性的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizer Combinations on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Diversity in Cherry Orchards

以一年生‘美早’樱桃为试材,采用不同肥料配施的方法,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(N、P、K基础肥(CK1))和复合处理(常规施肥+(T1~T10))共12个处理,研究了各施肥处理对樱桃园土壤微生物群落结构及多样性的影响,以期探索出樱桃生产管理上科学合理的施肥技术,为樱桃的栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:与CK相比,T2、T7、T8、T9和T10处理可提高土壤中细菌多样性和丰富度,其中T9处理(常规施肥+盐碱土壤改良剂+微生物菌肥+氨基酸水溶肥)最为显著,其Shannon、Chaol和ACE指数较CK分别提高5.53%、15.58%和15.69%。其群落结构方面,T9处理绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)的相对丰度较CK分别提高11.00%、10.90%和3.39%。此外,T9处理对土壤中真菌多样性和丰富度的提高也最显著,其Shannon、Chaol和ACE指数均较CK分别提高51.02%、22.28%和20.94%。群落结构方面,T9处理子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和接合菌门(Mortierellomycota)的相对丰度较CK分别增加13.12%和7.68%。

Taking one-year-old‘Meizao’cherry as the test material,different fertilizer combinations were used,with a total of 12 treatments included no fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(N,P,K basic fertilizer(CK1))and composite treatment(conventional fertilization+(T1-T10)).The effects of each fertilization treatment on the soil microbial community structure and diversity of cherry orchards were studied,in order to explore scientific and reasonable fertilization techniques for cherry production management and provide reference for cherry cultivation.The results showed that,compared with CK,T2,T7,T8,T9,and T10 treatments could improve bacterial diversity and richness in soil.Among them,T9(conventional fertilization+saline alkali soil amendment+microbial fertilizer+amino acid water-soluble fertilizer)treatment was the most significant,with Shannon,Chaol,and ACE indices increased by 5.53%,15.58%,and 15.69%respectively compared to CK.In terms of community structure,the relative abundance of Chloroflexi,Firmicutes,and Acidobacteriota treated with T9 increased by 11.00%,10.90%,and 3.39%,respectively,compared to CK.In addition,T9 treatment showed the most significant improvement in fungal diversity and richness in soil,with Shannon,Chaol,and ACE indices increased by 51.02%,22.28%,and 20.94%,respectively,compared to CK.In terms of community structure,the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota treated with T9 increased by 13.12%and 7.68%,respectively,compared to CK.