4-单取代-1,2,3-三氮唑的合成研究

Synthesis of 4-Monosubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles

1,2,3-三氮唑是一类具有独特生物学及材料学特性的五元氮杂环化合物。自2002年Sharpless及Meldal等发展的铜催化叠氮-炔偶极环加成反应以来,该类化合物在医药、农药及材料等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。4-单取代-1,2,3-三氮唑是该类化合物家族中的重要成员之一,并具有易于修饰转化的结构优点,其合成具有重要的研究价值。本文综述了该类化合物的合成进展:按反应类型及底物特点进行分类,主要包括炔烃-叠氮化物环加成、硝基烯烃-叠氮化物环加成、腙与氨衍生物的环化、1,4-二取代-1,2,3-三氮唑去取代基等,分别讨论了底物范围、局限性、优势以及部分反应机理,并对该领域未来发展趋势进行了展望。

1,2,3-Triazoles are a kind of five-membered N-heterocycles featured with unique properties in biology and material science.They have played more and more important roles in the fields of medicine,pesticide,and materials since the Cu-catalyzed diploar cycloaddition reaction of azide and alkyne was founded by Sharpless and Medal groups,respectively.4-Monosubstituted 1,2,3-triazole is considerably important in its family,especially because of its structural merits of widely facile modifications.The synthesis of 4-monosubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles based on different reaction types and substrates,including cycloaddition of alkyne with azide,cycloaddition of nitroolefin with azide,cyclization of hydrazone with amino derivatives,and N^(1)-substituent removal of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles are reviewed.The substrate scope,limitation,and representative mechanism are also discussed.