航空装备缓冲气囊设计与缓冲特性研究

Research on the Design and Cushioning Characteristics of Aviation Equipment Cushion Airbag

航空装备缓冲气囊以重量小、成本低等优势成为航空装备缓冲系统的研究热点。为快速解决航空装备缓冲气囊的设计问题,本文运用数值仿真软件,以航空装备缓冲气囊为研究对象,依据运动学、工程热力学及柔性薄壳力学等理论建立了环形缓冲气囊的数值仿真模型,利用最速下降法对模型进行优化设计;将优化参数的仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,验证模型建立的正确性,并分析不同参数(开口面积、开口压力和气囊高度)对缓冲气囊缓冲特性的影响。结果表明,当其他参数一定时,随着开口面积增加,缓冲过载减小,着地速度增加;随着开口压力增加,缓冲过载增加,着地速度减小;随着气囊高度增加,缓冲过载减小,着地速度变化不大。本文仿真方法可以迅速确定缓冲气囊的关键设计参数(如开口面积、排气压力、缓冲高度等)与外形,可以提升缓冲气囊的设计效率,为研究气囊缓冲特性提供了理论依据。

Aviation equipment cushioning airbag has become a research hotspot in aviation equipment cushioning systems due to their advantages such as small weight and low cost.To quickly solve the design problem of a certain type of buffer airbag,this paper uses numerical simulation software and takes the buffer airbag of a certain type of aviation equipment as the research object,a numerical simulation model of the annular buffer airbag was established based on the kinematics,engineering thermodynamics and flexible thin shell mechanics theories,and the steepest descent method was used to optimize the design of the model.By comparing the simulation results of the optimized parameters with the experimental results to verify the correctness of the model establishment,and analyze the impact of different parameters(opening area,opening pressure,and airbag height)on the buffering characteristics of the buffer airbag,the results show that when other parameters are constant,as the opening area increases,the buffering overload decreases and the landing speed increases with the increase of the opening area;the buffering overload increases and the landing speed decreases with the increase of the opening pressure;the buffering overload decreases,and the changes of landing speed are not significant with the increase of the airbag height.This simulation method can quickly determine the key design parameters(such as opening area,exhaust pressure,buffer height,etc.)and shape of the buffer airbag,which can improve the design efficiency of the cushion airbag,and provide a theoretical basis for studying the cushion characteristics of the airbag.