藏药“三果”的生药学鉴别研究与数字化表征

Pharmacognostic identification and digitization for three medicinal fruits from the Tibetan medicine

目的:对藏药中著名的“三果”—诃子,毛诃子和余甘子进行生药学鉴别研究,建立性状和显微鉴定及其数字化表征规范,为藏药“三果”鉴别研究奠定基础。方法:运用植物学形态鉴定、分类学术语研究方法,应用光学显微镜、体式显微镜和数码相机等仪器设备及数码成像技术,从“三果”样品的正面、侧面、腹面、顶面、表面等外观性状,横剖面和纵剖面特征,以及横切面和粉末的显微特征,进行鉴别和数字化表征,并对相关特征进行了比较。结果:明确了“三果”外观形态、表面特征等性状鉴别特征和果皮表皮细胞、纤维、石细胞、草酸钙簇晶等显微鉴别特征,归纳总结了藏药“三果”的鉴别方法,为药材的鉴定研究提供参考依据。结论:该鉴定方法简便环保、准确可靠,可作为藏药“三果”的鉴定依据。

Objective:To explore the Pharmacognostic identification for the famous three medicinal fruits—Chebulae Fructus,Terminaliae Belliricae Fructus and Phyllanthi Fructus from the Tibetan medicine,and to establish the standards of the macroscopic,microscopic identification and digital characterization for the authentication study of three medicinal fruits from the Tibetan medicine.Methods:Using the terms and research methods of botanical morphological identification and classification,the comparative identification and digital characterization of three medicinal fruits from the Tibetan medicine were carried out by optical microscope,stereo microscope,digital camera and digital imaging technology from the aspects of front,side,abdomen,basic,surface appearance,cross section and longitudinal section characteristics,as well as the microscopic characteristics of cross section and powder.Then,the related characteristics were compared.Results:The macroscopic identification characters,such as the appearance,and microscopic identification characters,such as the epidermal cells,fiber,stone cells,calcium oxalate cluster crystals,of three medicinal fruits from the Tibetan medicine were clarified,and the identification methods were summarized,in order to provide reference for the identification of three medicinal fruits from the Tibetan medicine.Conclusion:The identification method is simple,environmental friendly,accurate and reliable,and can be used for the identification basis of four medicinal fruits from three medicinal fruits from the Tibetan medicine.