小半径曲线条件下102车钩连挂特性分析

The Coupling Characteristics Analysis for the 102-Type Coupler Under Tight Radius Curve Conditions

针对102型挡肩式车钩在小半径曲线上连挂困难的问题,以HXD2机车为研究对象,基于多体动力学建立包含精细车钩的车辆耦合动力学模型,研究车钩开合角对车钩连挂的影响,分析小半径曲线条件下车钩连挂状态,并对车钩结构提出优化措施,以提高小半径曲线车钩连挂稳定性。结果表明:连挂速度、车钩开合角、曲线半径对连挂过程有显著影响,速度越快、车钩开合角越小,曲线半径越小时连挂冲击越大;通过优化车钩结构参数可减小连挂冲动,在速度5 km/h、车钩均为全开位、半径180 m曲线条件下,挡肩块与钩尾框间隙单独增大至3 mm可使最大接触力减小64%,增大至5 mm则连挂出现剧烈晃动;车钩尾部与挡肩块间隙对应车钩自由摆角增大至3.5°可使最大接触力减小59%,增大至6.5°则车钩摆角未饱和,挡肩块不提供回复力矩;二者耦合作用下,车钩尾部与挡肩块间隙在3.4°~3.6°对应挡肩块与钩尾框间隙为2~4 mm匹配效果最好。

In response to the challenge of difficulty in coupling the 102-Type coupler on tight radius curves,this study focuses on the HXD2 locomotive and establishes a vehicle coupling dynamics model with detailed drawbar representation based on multibody dynamics principles.The research investigates the influence of lateral angle deviations of the drawbar on coupling performance and examines the coupling status under conditions of tight radius curves.Moreover,optimization measures are proposed for the drawbar structure to enhance the stability of coupling on tight radius curves.The results indicate that coupling speed,drawbar opening angle,and curve radius significantly affect the coupling process.Higher speeds and smaller drawbar opening angles result in greater coupling impact,especially on curves with smaller radii.Furthermore,optimization of drawbar structural parameters reduces coupling shocks.Under the conditions of 5 km/h speed,fully open drawbar positions,and a curve radius of 180 meters,increasing the gap between the buffer block and the drawbar tail frame to 3 mm reduces the maximum contact force by 64%.Increasing it to 5 mm leads to severe oscillations during coupling.Increasing the gap between the drawbar tail and the buffer block to an angle of 3.5°decreases the maximum contact force by 59%,while increasing it to 6.5°causes the drawbar angle to be unsaturated,leading to a lack of restoring torque from the buffer block.Under their coupled effect,an angle of 3.4°to 3.6°for the gap between the drawbar tail and the buffer block corresponds to the best matching effect with a gap of 2 to 4 mm between the buffer block and the drawbar tail frame.