从“路学”到“路域学”——人类学视域下的聚落与交通

From"Roadology"to"Region of Roadology":Settlements and Transportation from An Anthropological Perspective

道路的形成与人类生存发展有着紧密的联系,对于人类社会文化的发展起着重要的流动与连接作用,与人类社会是一种相互建构的关系。围绕人类学对中国现代道路交通的研究,回顾有关近代中国道路交通文献,对近十年来国内兴起的“路学”研究动态进行了阶段性的阅读和反思。一方面,相关研究者们分别从国家在场、聚落变迁、空间生产、边界以及理论建构等问题对道路交通展开了一系列的讨论,呈现出国内人类学道路研究多元化的景象;另一方面,“路学”研究目前为止未能建立起系统的理论与方法,仍处在探索的状态。针对目前道路研究的困境,提出用“路域学”这一概念来试图推动道路研究的深度与广度。

The formation of roads is closely linked to human survival and development,and the road plays a significant role in the flow and connection of the development of human society and culture.The road is in a mutually constructive relationship with human society.This paper focuses on anthropological research on modern road transport in China,and it reviews articles related to the"Roadology"emerged over the past decade with the literature on China road transport.On the one hand,researchers have conducted a series of discussions on road traffic from issues such as the presence of the state,changes in settlements,spatial production,boundaries,and theoretical construction,showing a diversified landscape of anthropological road research in China.On the other hand,"Roadology"research has not yet established a systematic theory and method,remaining in an exploratory state.In response to the current dilemma in road research,the concept of"Region of Roadology"is proposed to promote the depth and breadth of road research.