防灾、预警、处置与重建——中国灾害人类学研究对应急管理能力现代化之贡献

Disaster Prevention,Early Warning,Disposal and Reconstruction:The Contribution of Chinese Disaster Anthropology Research to the Modernization of Emergency Management Capacities

应急管理能力现代化是中国式现代化的重要组成部分,中国灾害人类学为实现应急管理能力现代化做出了重要贡献。本文认为,灾害人类学以文化为视角强调灾害与文化的互构效应。灾害人类学通过总结文化归因,发掘防灾文化,提升预防准备能力;通过分析致灾因子与灾难象征符号,提升监测预警能力;通过挖掘地方性知识,实现文化御灾,提升处置救援能力;通过重构城市记忆与保护灾区文化,为防灾知识生产与民族文化传承提供路径,提升恢复重建能力。在未来,灾害人类学可通过研究科学化、研究整体化等路径为国家应急管理能力现代化做出更大贡献。

The modernization of emergency management capability is an important part of Chinese path to modernization,and Chinese disaster anthropology has made significant contributions to the realization of emergency management capacity modernization.This paper argues that disaster anthropology emphasizes the inter-construction of disaster and culture from a cultural perspective.Disaster anthropology improves the ability of prevention and preparation by summarizing cultural attribution and discovering disaster prevention culture.It improves the ability of monitoring and early warning by analyzing disaster-causing factors and disaster symbols.It improves the ability of disposal and rescue by mining local knowledge and realizing cultural protection against disasters.It improves the ability of restoration and reconstruction by reconstructing the urban memories and preserving the cultures of the disaster areas,which provides a pathway for the production of knowledge about disaster prevention and the inheritance of ethnic cultures.In the future,disaster anthropology can make a greater contribution to the modernization of national emergency management capacity through scientific and holistic research.