气泡帷幕对水下爆炸防护及对水中生物保护能力的研究

Study on the protection of underwater explosions and the ability to protect underwater organisms by bubble curtain

为了研究不同条件的气泡帷幕对水中冲击波的影响,选取气流量、防护距离、气体压力作为变量,对冲击波峰值压力的衰减能力进行研究。实验统一采用单发8号雷管进行测试,结果表明:气流量的增加会提高气泡帷幕的防护能力,当气流量为60 L/min时,气泡帷幕对水下冲击波的衰减效果达到87.37%,且在该气流量下,气泡帷幕的防护效果趋于平稳;不论在何种气流量下,气泡帷幕越远离爆源,到达目标区域的冲击波峰值压力就会越小,且气泡帷幕与爆源相距40 cm后防护能力逐渐稳定;气压的增大也会提高气泡帷幕的防护能力,但效果不明显。将鲫鱼、鲈鱼、乌鳢鱼、黄颡鱼作为保护研究对象进行实验,结果发现随着气流量的提高,4种鱼类的受损情况都随之降低,可见气泡帷幕对水下生物有着良好的防护能力,且黄颡鱼和乌鳢鱼比鲫鱼与鲈鱼具有更好的抗压能力。

In order to study the influence of different conditions of bubble curtain on shock wave in water,gas flow,protection distance and gas pressure were selected as variables to study the attenuation ability of shock wave pressure peak.The experiment used a single 8-number detonator to test the performance,and the results show that increasing the air flow rate would enhance the protective ability of the bubble curtain.When the air flow rate was 60 L/min,the attenuation effect of the bubble curtain on underwater shock wave reached 87.37%,and at this air flow rate,the protective effect of the bubble curtain approached stability.No matter what kind of gas flow rate,the farther away the bubble curtain is from the explosion source,the smaller the peak pressure of the shock wave reaching the target area,and the protective ability becomes stable after the distance between the bubble curtain and the explosion source is 40 cm.The increase of air pressure will also improve the protective ability of the bubble curtain,but the effect is not obvious.Four species of fish,namely Crucian,perch,ophiocephala and Pelteobagrus,were used as protection research objects.The results showed that with the increase of air flow,the damage of the four species of fish was reduced.It can be seen that the bubble curtain has a good protection ability for underwater organisms,and yellow catfish and ophiobagala have better pressure resistance than crucian and perch.