液体火箭发动机涡轮泵多维度传感器优化布置

Multidimensional Sensor Optimization Placement for Turbopump in Liquid Rocket Engines

针对液体火箭发动机涡轮泵健康监测时存在的结构重要模态信息遗漏、故障敏感信息提取不全等问题,提出了一种涡轮泵传感器多维度优化布置方法,并采用故障模拟实验台进行了实验验证。首先,建立了涡轮泵待优化区域的有限元模型并开展了结构约束模态分析以及轴承故障仿真瞬态动力学分析;其次,基于离散人工蜂群算法及瞬态分析结果得出传感器布置候选点集;再次,综合传感器多维度评估方法得出最终的传感器布置方法;最后,通过实验对比分析了传感器布置方法与传统方法的综合指标。计算结果表明:相对于有效独立法,布置测点优化后,传感器监测信号的模态振型符合率提高了20.1%,对轴承故障检测的准确率提高了27.5%,验证了多维度优化布置方法具有良好的故障诊断综合性能。

A method of multidimensional optimization placement of turbopump sensors is proposed to address the issues of missing structurally important modal information and incomplete extraction of fault-sensitive information during the health monitoring of liquid rocket engine turbopumps.Experimental verification is conducted using a fault simulation test bench.Firstly,a finite element model of the turbopump’s optimization area is established to conduct structural constrained modal analysis and transient dynamic analysis of bearing faults.Subsequently,candidate points for sensor placement are indentified based on the discrete artificial bee colony algorithm and transient analysis results.The final sensor placement method is determined through a comprehensive multidimensional evaluation method of sensors.Finally,the comprehensive indicators between the proposed sensor placement method and the traditional method are experimentally compared.The calculation results show that,compared with effective independence,after optimizing the placement of measurement points,sensor monitoring signal modal shape compliance increased by 20.1%,and the accuracy of bearing fault detection increased by 27.5%.This verifies that the multidimensional optimization placement method has good comprehensive performance in fault diagnosis.