土地要素空间配置对县域经济增长的影响:基于县域内城乡建设用地增减挂钩的政策分析

The Effect of the Spatial Allocation of Land on County Economic Growth:Policy Analysis Based on Within-county Increasing Versus Decreasing Balance

党的二十届三中全会《决定》提出“完善城乡融合发展体制机制”。县域作为城乡融合发展的基本单元,其土地要素空间配置对县域经济发展具有重要作用。城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策是国家促进城乡土地要素空间流动和优化配置的举措之一,但其对社会经济发展的价值和贡献往往被忽视,且存在争议。本文使用全国2006—2022年县域内增减挂钩项目数据,采用双向固定效应模型评估了县域内实施城乡建设用地增减挂钩对经济增长的影响。研究结果表明,县域内增减挂钩政策的实施显著提高了地区生产总值水平,在推动县域经济增长方面具有正向政策效应。县域内增减挂钩通过优化城乡土地资源配置和充实地方政府财政收入,推动了县域经济发展。在东部沿海地区和邻近中心城市的地区、财政自给率较高的地区以及市场化水平较高的地区,增减挂钩对县域经济增长的促进作用更大。研究结论对进一步完善和改进城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策,建设统一的土地资源要素市场提供了有益参考。

The report of 20th National Congress of the Party proposed that“we will pursue integrated urban and rural development and smooth the flow of factors of production between urban and rural areas”.The new quality productive forces inevitably require innovative ways of allocating factors of production.County is the basic unit of integrated urban and rural development,and the spatial allocation of land plays an important role in the development of county economy.The construction land-use policy of“increasing versus decreasing balance”in urban and rural areas is an important measure implemented by the central government to optimize the spatial allocation of land between urban and rural areas.However,its value and contribution to socio-economic development is often overlooked and controversial.This study evaluated the effect of the“increasing versus decreasing balance”policy implemented within county boundary on economic growth using a two-way fixed effect model,based on county-level policy implementation data from 2006-2022.The results show that the policy significantly increased local GDP,which is a positive policy effect on county economic growth.The policy promoted the development of county economy by improving land allocation efficiency and increasing the fiscal revenue of local government.The positive effect of the policy on local economic growth was larger in the eastern coastal area,areas close to central cities,areas with higher fiscal self-sufficiencies,and areas with higher marketization level.This study sheds light on potential improvements in the“increasing versus decreasing balance”policy.