东西方蜜蜂的表皮碳氢化合物分析

The cuticular hydrocarbons analysis of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera

表皮碳氢化合物(CHCs)在蜜蜂的巢友识别发挥重要作用,东方蜜蜂(Apis cerana)和西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)均可准确识别并驱逐非巢友以保护巢内资源不被掠夺,但与成蜂相比,它们均对刚出房的幼蜂的识别能力相对较弱,即使是非巢友。为探究蜂群内不同种幼蜂个体未被清理的现象,研究通过气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)和气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析鉴定东方蜜蜂成蜂、西方蜜蜂成蜂、东方蜜蜂幼蜂和西方蜜蜂幼蜂的表皮碳氢化合物,对鉴定的40种物质的峰面积进行数据转换后进行主成分分析,提取6个特征值大于1的主成分进行判别分析,结果显示四种类型的蜜蜂的表皮碳氢化合物谱图存在显著差异;通过马氏距离进行多重比较,结果显示不同成蜂间的表皮碳氢化合物差异性显著大于幼蜂,同种蜜蜂的成蜂与幼蜂的表皮碳氢化合物谱图差异性较小,这可能揭示了幼蜂更易被不同蜂群接受的原因,也增进我们对昆虫行为和化学通信的理解。

Cuticular hydrocarbons(CHCs)play an important role in honeybees’nest-mate recognition.Apis cerana and Apis mellifera can accurately identify and expel non-nestmates to protect nest resources from pillaging,but they are relatively weak in recognizing new emerge bees compared with adult bees,even if they were not nest mates.In order to explore the phenomenon of different species of young bees in the colony that were not cleaned,the CHCs of young and adult honeybee of A.cerana and A.mellifera were identified by GC-FID and GC-MS.The peak area data of 40 identified substances were converted for principal components analysis,and six principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted for discriminant analysis.The results showed that there were significant differences in the CHCs profile of the four types of bees.The results of Tukey HSD by Mahalanobis distance showed that the difference of CHCs profile between adult bees of different species was significantly greater than young bees,and the difference of CHCs profile between adults and young bees of the same species was small,which may reveal the reason why young bees are more acceptable to different colonies,and also improve our understanding of insect behavior and chemical communication.