寒区黑土侵蚀沟治理新技术研究

Research on new technology of black soil erosion gully control in cold area

东北地区黑土侵蚀沟已严重威胁我国粮食安全,其绝大部分处于寒区环境,谷坊作为治理侵蚀沟的通用手段,面临寒区复杂环境威胁。针对寒区谷坊易受冻融、融雪和降雨等多因素耦合下稳定性不足的问题,提出了一种寒区黑土侵蚀沟治理新技术——生态柔性煤矸石土谷坊,该谷坊由土、滤土防冲土工合成材料、煤矸石铰接块和植被防护组成,具有就地取材、节省工期、柔性稳定、固废利用、替代石料和有利扦插等优势。文中给出设计理念、关键参数及现场应用关键技术,形成了成套工艺。研究结果表明:生态柔性煤矸石土谷坊变形值集中在-0.0518~0.0307 m之间,在允许范围内,谷坊前后沟道均无扩宽,泥沙淤积深度17~67 cm,有效减少水土流失,植被覆盖率一年增加30%,表明该谷坊具有良好的稳定性与治理效果,生态效益明显。生态柔性煤矸石土谷坊是在传统谷坊形式上做出优化和改进而形成的一种新型谷坊,此技术将生态技术与工程技术有机结合,为寒区黑土侵蚀沟治理提供了新思路和新手段。

Black soil erosion gullies pose a significant risk to the food security in the northeast of China,and the vast majority of them located in the cold environment.As a universal method of erosion gully control,the check dam faces the complex environmental threats of the freezing area.Confronting the issue of check dams in colder regions being unstable due to various factors like freezing,thawing,snowmelt and rainfall,a novel technology is introduced for managing black soil erosion gullies in cold regions,named ecological flexible gangue soil check dam.This check dam is composed of soil,soil filtering and anti-washout geosynthetics,gangue articulated blocks and plant protection,and offers benefits such as local materials,time efficiency,flexibility,stability,solid waste utilization,stone replacement,and advantageous cuttings,et al.This paper gives the design concept,the key parameters of the check dam and the crucial technologies for practical application,which constitutes a complete set of procedures.The results of field tests reveal that the deformation capacity of the ecological flexible gangue soil check dam is concentrated between-0.0518 m and 0.0307 m,within the acceptable range.Neither the channel before nor after the check dam widened,and the sediment deposition depth ranged between 17 cm and 67 cm.The soil erosion is significantly reduced.The vegetation coverage increased by 30%over the course of one year.This suggests the robust stability,governance effect,and substantial ecological advantages of the dam.The innovative ecological flexible gangue soil check dam surpasses the conventional check dam design by integrating eco-technology with organic engineering,offering fresh concepts and methods to manage erosion gully.