协同考虑空气质量与热舒适度的暖通空调系统双层优化控制策略

Bi-level Optimal Control Strategy for Heating,Ventilation,and Air Conditioning System with Collaborative Consideration of Air Quality and Thermal Comfort

暖通空调(HVAC)系统作为智能楼宇的耗能主体,实现其能耗成本与用户舒适度的灵活权衡具有重要意义。然而,并行考虑以上两种因素时,系统优化模型的耦合项增加,求解难度增大。基于学习的控制策略在模型构建上具有便捷性,但节能效果一般。面对以上挑战,提出协同考虑空气质量与热舒适度的HVAC系统双层优化控制策略。首先,基于RC等效电路的热动态模型和楼宇内部物理结构,精确刻画各区域温度和空气质量的耦合关系;然后,以能耗成本最低及用户舒适度最优为目标,对HVAC系统的运行策略进行优化,为解决模型的耦合问题,对HVAC系统进行双层优化控制,上层优化送风质量流量,下层优化通风率,并采用滚动优化方法修正误差;最后,在夏季制冷场景下,对不同舒适度系数下的双层优化控制结果进行分析,并与其他控制策略进行比较。结果表明,所提方法能兼顾经济性和用户舒适度。

As the main energy-consuming entities of intelligent buildings,heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems have great significance to fulfil the flexible trade-off between their energy consumption cost and user comfort.However,when the above two factors are considered in parallel,the coupling terms of the system optimization model and the difficulty in solving increase.The learning-based control strategy is convenient in model construction,but the energy-saving effect is average.According to the above challenges,a bi-level optimal control strategy for HVAC system with collaborative consideration of air quality and thermal comfort is proposed.Firstly,the coupling relationship between temperature and air quality in each area is accurately portrayed based on the thermal dynamic model of the RC equivalent circuit and the internal physical structure of the building.Secondly,the operation strategy of the HVAC system is optimized with the objectives of the minimum system energy cost and maximum user comfort.A bi-level optimization approach is developed to solve this complex coupling problem,which optimizes the supply air volume at the upper level and the ventilation rate at the lower level,respectively.The error is corrected by using the rolling optimization method.Finally,the results of the proposed strategy with different comfort coefficients are analyzed in the summer cooling scenario and compared with other control strategies.The results show that the method can balance the economy and user comfort.