关于磁荷及其磁场性质的教学拓展讨论

Educational expansion in magnetic charge and its field

在物理学中,因为电与磁的对称性,物理学家们一直坚信磁荷(或磁单极)也如电荷一样存在于自然界中.虽然在实验上尚未发现磁荷存在的证据,但对于它的讨论和探索一直没有停止过.本文初始出发点试图研究含磁荷的Maxwell方程组的协变形式.为此,我们假设磁荷产生的磁场B h与变化的电场及传导电流所产生的磁场B t是两种不同性质的场.针对磁荷存在时的Maxwell方程组,我们发现通过对B h引入一定的约束条件,可以将此时的Maxwell方程组分解成无磁荷时的Maxwell方程组及B h所满足的3个约束方程.无磁荷存在时的Maxwell方程组已经被证实天然地满足狭义相对论的协变性,本文将不再详细讨论.我们将利用所得到的关于B h的3个方程分析磁荷及其磁场的相关性质.

In physics,due to the symmetry between electricity and magnetism,physicists believe that magnetic charge exist in nature,similar to electric charges.Although experimental evidence for the existence of magnetic charges has not been found,discussion and exploration of this concept have never ceased.The initial focus of this article is to study the covariant form of the Maxwell's equations in the presence of magnetic charges.To do this,we classify the magnetic field into two types,i.e.,B h generated by magnetic charges and B t produced by changing electric fields and conduction currents.Then we find that by introducing certain constraints for B h,we can decompose the Maxwell's equations into the Maxwell's equations without magnetic charges and three additional constraint equations satisfied by B h.The Maxwell's equations without magnetic charges naturally satisfy the principle of covariance in specail relativity theory,and we will not talk about this.We will study the properties of magnetic charges and their magnetic fields as a new form of matter by the three equations concerning B h.