测量液体黏滞系数实验改进

Improved experiments for measuring the viscosity coefficient of liquids

落球法是目前大学物理实验教学中常用的液体黏滞系数测量方法,其存在小球回收难、受液体透明度限制以及精度较低的问题.本改进实验基于转换法的物理实验思想,通过滑轮组结构将测速过程由圆筒内部转到外部,并引入激光测距仪与光阑结构,在不同温度下测量了蓖麻油的黏滞系数.实验操作简洁易行,演示直观,精度较高,适用于不透明液体,有良好的推广意义.

The falling ball method is a common technique used in university physics experiment for measuring the viscosity coefficient of liquids.However,it suffers from issues,such as difficulty in ball retrieval,limitations due to the transparency of the liquid and relatively low accuracy.This improved experiment is based on the principle of conversion method in physics experiments.It involves using a pulley system to shift the velocity measurement process from inside the cylinder to the outside.Additionally,a laser rangefinder and aperture structure are introduced to measure the viscosity coefficient of castor oil at different temperatures.The experimental procedure is concise and facile,offering intuitive demonstration with high precision,particularly suitable for opaque liquids.Thereby IT bears significant potential for widespread applicability.