反刍动物益生菌制剂的研究进展

Research Progress of Probiotics for Ruminants

一直以来,人们认为反刍动物因其强大的瘤胃发酵系统,对外源微生物具有较强的缓冲作用。但随着微生物学技术的发展,越来越多的研究证明外源添加益生菌制剂可调节微生物群落组成,维护瘤胃微环境动态平衡,影响挥发性脂肪酸的产生和氮的流动,促进饲料的消化利用,最终提高反刍动物生产性能,目前反刍动物生产中益生菌制剂的应用也日益广泛。此外,益生菌还可以减轻宿主动物应激反应、增强机体抗氧化能力,从而对反刍动物的生产性能以及生物习性产生影响。文章综述了益生菌影响反刍动物生产性能的各种直接和间接因素,为益生菌在反刍动物生产领域的应用提供参考。

Ruminants have long been believed to have a strong buffering effect on exogenous microorgan⁃isms due to their powerful rumen fermentation system.But with the development of microbiological tech⁃nology,more and more studies have shown that the addition of exogenous probiotic preparations can regu⁃late the composition of microbial communities,maintain the dynamic balance of rumen microenviron⁃ment,affect the production of volatile fatty acids and nitrogen flow,promote the digestion and utilization of feed,and ultimately improve the production performance of ruminants.Currently,the application of probiotic preparations in ruminant production is also becoming increasingly widespread.In addition,pro⁃biotics can alleviate the stress response of host animals and enhance the body's antioxidant capacity,thereby affecting the production performance and biological habits of ruminants.This article reviews the various direct and indirect influencing factors of probiotics on the production performance of ru⁃minants,aiming to provide some reference for the application of probiotics in the field of ruminant production.