混菌发酵黄芪药渣生产功能性饲料的试验研究

Optimization of Mixed Fermentation Conditions for The Production of Functional Ingredient Feed from Astragalus memeranaceus Residue

试验旨在通过混菌固态发酵提升黄芪药渣饲用价值,以粗纤维降解率及粗蛋白提升率作为主要考察指标,在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验优化了基质比、接种量、固液比及发酵时间等因素。结果表明:最佳发酵条件为:混菌比(黑曲霉∶产朊假丝酵母∶枯草芽孢杆菌)2∶3∶1,基质比7∶3,接种量20%,固液比1∶3,发酵时间7 d。在该条件下,与发酵前黄芪药渣相比,发酵后的黄芪药渣的粗蛋白、氨基酸、总黄酮、总皂苷、毛蕊异黄酮含量显著上升(P<0.05),分别提升了76.69%、35.23%、104.09%、12.21%、22.01%,中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、总多糖、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花素、芒柄花苷含量显著下降(P<0.05),分别下降了33.84%、49.29%、12.28%、57.24%、38.46%、69.35%,饲用价值有效提升。

In order to improve the feeding value of Astragalus memeranaceus residue,mixed bacteria solid-state fermentation method was used to ferment Astragalus memeranaceus residue.On the basis of single factor affecting the degradation rate of crude fiber and the increase rate of crude protein,the opti⁃mum conditions of substrate ratio,inoculation amount,solid-liquid ratio and fermentation time were opti⁃mized by orthogonal test.The results showed that the best strain combination and ratio of Astragalus me⁃meranaceus residue were Aspergillus niger∶Candida utilis∶Bacillus subtilis=2∶3∶1,the best matrix ratio was 2∶3,the best inoculation amount was 20%,the best solid-liquid ratio was 1∶3,and the best fermentation time was 7 days.Under the optimum fermentation conditions,the contents of crude protein,amino acid,total flavonoids,total saponins and calycosin in the residue of Astraga⁃lus membranaceus significantly increased(P<0.05),which increased by 76.69%,35.23%,104.09%,12.21%,22.01%,while the contents of neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,total polysaccharide,calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,formononetin and formononetin significantly decreased(P<0.05),which decreased by 33.84%,49.29%,12.28%,57.24%,38.46%,69.35%.Under this fermentation process,the feeding value of Astragalus mem⁃eranaceus residue can be effectively improved.