民间故事中的家阈受侵想象——以“鬼欺老翁”及其亚型“狐精为祟”故事为中心

A Study on the Imagination of Family Invasion in Folk Stories——Focus on the Stories of“The Old Haunted”and“The Fox Ghosts Do Evils”

“鬼欺老翁”及其亚型“狐精为祟”故事讲述了因鬼魅作祟而引起的人伦悲剧,其核心结构是安全与非安全的对立,具象化为家庭内部遭到外界危险势力的入侵。这种安全焦虑衍生出的民间故事十分丰富,具有想象性、间接性和冒充性的特点,以怪诞的表层叙事表达出鬼魅冒充家人的侵阈想象。具有类似取向的故事还有“进家型”的“狼外婆”“鱼精”和“白蛇传”型故事。鬼魅冒充家人的桥段在民间故事中反复出现,投射出人们在伦理关系中普遍的心理症结,即对共生者的怀疑,故事也提供了劝止、宣泄和宽慰等方案。

The stories about the old easily being haunted by the ghosts and the fox demons are the the tragedies of human ethics caused by the ghosts.Its core is the opposition between safety and non-safety,which is manifested as the invasion of external dangerous forces.The folk tales derived from this type have the characteristics of imagination,indirectness,and impersonation.There are also stories with similar orientations,such as Red Riding Hood,Fish Fairy,and White Snake.The scene of ghosts impersonating family members repeatedly appears in folk tales,projecting a common psychological crux in ethical relationships,which is suspicion towards family members.The story provides different solutions,including dissuasion,catharsis and comfort.