欧阳修七古叙事诗的“情韵”生成——风物、时空与结构呈现

The Structure Presentation of Scenery and Time and Space:The Generation of“Sentiment”in Ouyang Xiu’s Seven Ancient Narrative Poems

欧阳修的部分七古叙事诗,方东树《昭昧詹言》冠以“情韵”之评,在之前的欧诗接受史中并未出现类似表述。分析方氏所举范例,欧诗“情韵”的生成路径可分三类:第一,依托沉浸式的风物描写,塑造叙事幻境,以双向对峙结构来暗示情感重心,读者通过对相关文本的比勘阅读,收获打破叙事幻境的悠扬余味;第二,以具有象征性的风物为隐喻,取资唐代诗学资源与诗人现实经历,在叙事结构中融摄多层叙事时空,并在风格上形成唐韵和宋韵的碰撞;第三,以风物为叙事线索,形成前后勾连、反复跳跃的叙事时空,配合以嵌套的叙事结构。通过欧诗的演绎,宋诗“情韵”范畴在唐诗意蕴“深厚”之外,又添“深曲”之意。欧诗情韵的曲折幽远依托于有意义的结构,而意义的阐释亦即诗人“精神场域”的发掘,则依赖于诗人自洽性的文本场域,这是宋诗“情韵”生成的独特条件。

Regarding some of Ouyang Xiu’s seven ancient narrative poems,Fang Dongshu’s Zhao Mei Zhan Yan commented that it has“sentiment”,which did not appear in the previous history of the reception of Ouyang Xiu’s poetry.By analyzing the examples given by Fang,the generation path of“sentiment”in Ouyang Xiu’s poetry can be divided into three categories:The first is to rely on emotional scenery description to shape the narrative illusion,and use a two-way confrontation structure to indicate the emotional focus.Through the comparison and reading of relevant texts,readers can gain the lingering aftertaste of breaking the narrative illusion;The second is to take the symbolic scenery as the support,draw on the resources of Tang Dynasty’s poetics and the poet’s practical experience,blend multi-level narrative time and space in the narrative structure,and form the collision of Tang rhyme and Song rhyme in style;The third is to use scenery as the narrative clue to form a narrative space and time that is linked back and forth and repeatedly leaping,with a nested narrative structure.Through Ouyang Xiu’s poetry,the“sentiment”category of Song poetry adds the meaning of“narrow deep”to the meaning of Tang poetry.The twists and turns of the sentiment of Ouyang Xiu’s poetry depend on the meaningful structure,while the interpretation of meaning,that is,the exploration of the poet’s“spiritual field”,depends on the poet’s self-consistent text field,which is the unique condition for the generation of the“sentiment”of Song poetry.