间断平衡框架解释力与优化研究——以新中国成立以来农村扶贫政策变迁为例

Study on Explanatory Power and Optimization of the Punctuated Equilibrium Theory-Taking the Change of Rural Poverty Alleviation Policy since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China as an Example

间断平衡框架能够全面解释公共政策长期渐进性和短期突变性的发展特性。运用间断平衡框架对新中国成立以来农村扶贫政策变迁历程进行梳理与总结,研究发现:农村扶贫政策变迁遵循线性与非线性相结合的变迁规律,这与间断平衡框架的内涵蕴意基本吻合,运用间断平衡框架阐释新中国成立以来农村扶贫政策变迁历程具备适用性。但植根于美国政治系统的间断平衡框架也存在明显的局限性和不充分性,中美在政治结构、政府决策模式和政策运行机制等方面存在显著差异。在此基础上重组间断平衡框架的结构因素,以期实现间断平衡框架的本土性优化,增强其在中国公共政策语境下的解释效力,为强化公共政策顶层设计提供借鉴。

The theory of punctuated equilibrium can fully explain the gradual and abrupt development characteristics of public policy.This article sorts out and summarizes of the evolution of China’s rural poverty alleviation policy since the founding of the People’s Republic of China with the theory of punctuated equilibrium.The research results show that the change of rural poverty alleviation policy follows the change law of linear and nonlinear,which is basically consistent with the connotation of the theory of punctuated equilibrium.The theory of punctuated equilibrium is applicable to explaining the public policy in China.However,the theory of punctuated equilibrium generated in the American political system also has obvious limitations,and there are significant differences between China and the USA in political structure,government decision-making model and policy operation mechanism.On this basis,the influencing factors of public policy change are restructured.It will enhance the explanatory effect in the context of public policy in China and provide reference and inspiration for strengthening the top-level design of public policies.