微波辅助离子液体提取黄檗生物碱的工艺研究

Study on the Process of Microwave-Assisted Ionic Liquid Extraction of Alkaloids from Phellodendron amurense Rupr.

采用微波辅助离子液体提取方法从黄檗树皮中提取3种生物碱(药根碱、巴马汀和小檗碱)。首先基于单因素试验考察离子液体的种类和料液比对提取效率的影响,进一步考察离子液体浓度、提取时间和温度3种因素对提取效率的影响,最终应用Box-Behnken响应面方法优化,得到最佳提取工艺,并与传统提取方法进行比较。研究结果表明,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑嗅盐([Bmim][Br])溶液对生物碱的提取效率最高,最佳提取条件为离子液体浓度为0.31 mol/L,温度为94℃,时间为15 min,在该条件下药根碱得率为0.047%±0.003%,巴马汀得率为0.421%±0.011%,小檗碱得率为1.150%±0.028%。与传统水加热回流法相比,提取效率分别高出9.3%、12.8%和23.6%。该研究表明,利用微波辅助离子液体提取技术可以高效地从黄檗树皮中提取生物碱,为提取黄檗中活性成分提供坚实的理论基础和实证支持。

This study employed a microwave-assisted ionic liquid extraction method to extract three alkaloids(berberine,palmatine,and berbamine)from the bark of Phellodendron amurense Rupr..Initially,the impact of the type of ionic liquid and liquid-tosolid ratio on extraction efficiency was investigated through single-factor experiments.Subsequently,the effects of ionic liquid concentration,extraction time,and temperature on extraction efficiency were further explored.The Box-Behnken response surface methodology was then applied to optimize and obtained the optimal extraction process,which was subsequently compared with traditional extraction methods.The research findings indicated that[Bmim][Br]solution exhibited the highest extraction efficiency for the alkaloids.The optimal extraction conditions included an ionic liquid concentration of 0.31 mol/L,a temperature of 94℃,and an extraction time of 15 minutes.Under these conditions,the yields of berberine,palmatine,and berbamine were 0.047%±0.003%,0.421%±0.011%,and 1.150%±0.028%,respectively.Compared to the traditional water heating reflux method,the extraction efficiencies were 9.3%,12.8%,and 23.6%higher,respectively.This study demonstrates that the use of microwave-assisted ionic liquid extraction technology can efficiently extract alkaloids from the bark of Phellodendron amurense Rupr.,providing a theoretical basis and empirical support for the extraction of active components from Phellodendron amurense Rupr..