滴灌条件下诱抗剂对向日葵列当田间防治效果的研究

Study on the field prevention and control effects of inducer against sunflower broomrape under drip irrigation condition

【目的】探究施用植物诱抗剂对田间向日葵列当的防治效果,为综合防控列当提供新思路。【方法】利用滴灌系统田间施用锦苗标靶、甲壳素枯草芽孢杆菌、锦苗标靶与甲壳素枯草芽孢杆菌混合及清水(CK),在4个不同调查时间点(7月20日、8月10日、8月15日、9月30日)调查内蒙古乌兰察布市四子王旗、包头市固阳县的向日葵列当寄生率和寄生程度,研究两种植物诱抗剂对列当寄生向日葵生产指标和产量的影响。【结果】滴灌锦苗标靶,两地向日葵列当寄生程度与CK相比均显著降低(P<0.05),分别降低2.95、6.27、3.97与1.11、4.99、4.08;两地向日葵株高和产量均显著增加(P<0.05),株高分别增加39.15、36.97、20.66、22.50 cm,产量分别增加892.80、984.00 kg/hm^(2)。滴灌甲壳素枯草芽孢杆菌,列当寄生程度在不同调查时间点与CK相比都显著增加(P<0.05),两地寄生程度分别增加5.71、3.77、1.91与1.36、14.12、13.03,向日葵各项生长指标与CK相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。锦苗标靶与甲壳素枯草芽孢杆菌混合滴灌,两地列当寄生率和寄生程度与CK相比均显著降低(P<0.05),寄生率分别降低79.60%、31.80%、19.00%与36.67%、81.00%、35.67%,寄生程度分别降低7.25%、9.69%、8.80%与1.33%、6.01%、5.61%;向日葵株高、花盘直径和产量与CK相比均显著增加(P<0.05),株高分别增加23.08、33.49与14.08、11.33 cm,花盘直径分别增加6.18、4.44 cm,产量分别增加796.80、835.20 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】锦苗标靶和滴灌相结合能够作为一项措施整合到向日葵列当绿色防控技术体系中对列当进行有效防控。

【Objective】To investigate the prevention and control effect of plant inducible resistance agents on field sunflower broomrapes,and provide a new perspective for the comprehensive prevention and control of sunflower broomrapes.【Methods】The test sites were located in Siziwang Banner,Ulanqab City and Guyang County,Baotou City,Inner Mongolia.The parasitism rate and parasitism degree of sunflower broomrape were assessed at four different time points(20 th July,10 th August,15 th August,and 30 th September)using a drip irrigation system in the field.The treatments included jinmiao target,chitin and Bacillus subtilis,a combination of jinmiao target and chitin and Bacillus subtilis complex,and water as control(CK).The effects of two plant inducible resistance agents on Orobanehe cumana parasitical sunflower growth indexes and yield were investigated.【Results】After drip irrigation with jinmiao target alone,the parasitism degrees of sunflower broomrape in both test sites was significantly lower than that of CK(P<0.05),which were reduced by 2.95,6.27,3.97 and 1.11,4.99,4.08.The plant height and yield of sunflower increased significantly in both sites(P<0.05).The plant height was increased by 39.15,36.97,20.66 and 22.50 cm.The yield was increased by 892.80 and 984.00 kg/hm^(2),respectively.After only drip irrigation with chitin and B.subtilis,parasitism degrees increased significantly compared with CK at different time points(P<0.05).The parasitism degrees of the two test sites increased by 5.71,3.77,1.91 and 1.36,14.12,13.03,respectively.There was no significant difference between CK and other sunflower growth indexes(P>0.05).After a combination of jinmiao target and chitin and B.subtilis drip irrigation,parasitism rates and parasitism degrees were significantly reduced compared with CK.The parasitism rate decreased by 79.60%,31.80%,19.00%and 36.67%,81.00%,35.67%,respectively.Parasitism degree decreased by 7.25%,9.69%,8.80%and 1.33%,6.01%,5.61%,respectively.Plant height,disc diameter and yield of sunflower were significantly increased compared with CK(P<0.05).The plant height was increased by 23.08,33.49 and 14.08,11.33 cm,respectively.The disc diameter was increased by 6.18 and 4.44 cm,respectively.The yield was increased by 796.80 and 835.20 kg/hm^(2),respectively.【Conclusion】The combination of jiaomiao target and drip irrigation can be integrated into the green prevention and control technology system of sunflower broomrapes for effective prevention and control.