面向区域层面的海洋生态修复综合效益评估指标体系

Indicator system for assessing the comprehensive benefits of marine ecological restoration at the regional level

海洋生态修复是遏制海洋生态系统退化的重要途径,海洋生态修复综合效益评估是全面检验海洋生态修复质量、厘清修复目标与行动差距的关键手段。当前,我国在海洋生态修复领域的已有研究尚欠缺从多要素、多工程类型融合、多维价值角度进行的累积效益分析和对“目标⁃成本⁃效益”三者的协同策略探讨,故本研究立足于我国海洋生态修复的技术特点、实施进展和政策需求,在对海洋生态修复、综合效益概念及内涵界定的基础上,以生态效益、经济效益和社会效益为核心构架,研究提出了面向市(县)级层面的海洋生态修复综合效益评估指标体系及相应的评估方法、分级标准。生态效益类指标包括海水水质变化率、岸线生态化率、渔业资源量变化率和生态系统恢复指数,用于衡量海洋生态修复对海洋生态系统状况、区域生存发展条件的改善作用;经济效益指标主要有经济投入产出比,用于衡量海洋生态修复所带来的有效经济成果;社会效益指标包括社会公众参与度、生态效果满意度、居民收入影响程度和生产生活影响程度,用于衡量公众对海洋生态修复的认同感和海洋生态修复对社会公平的维护情况。该评估指标体系能为管理部门开展相关评估工作、多目标决策提供技术支撑,为海洋生态修复的效益研究提供新的方法思路。

Marine ecological restoration is a crucial strategy for stopping the degradation of the marine ecosystem,and the comprehensive benefit assessment of the restoration is a crucial tool for evaluating all of its attributes and identifying any gaps between the goals and the actions.Currently,the analysis of cumulative benefits from the perspectives of multiple factors,multiple projects,and multiple dimensions of value,and the investigation of synergistic strategies for the target⁃cost⁃benefit triad are still lacking in China′s marine ecological restoration research.In view of this,this article proposed an indicator system for the comprehensive benefits of marine ecological restoration at the city(county)level and established the corresponding assessment methods and grading standards,taking ecological benefits,economic benefits and social benefits as the core framework.The rate of change in seawater quality,the rate of shoreline ecologization,the rate of change in the quantity of fishery resources,and the ecosystem restoration index were indicators that fell under the category of ecological benefits,which were used to gauge the effect of marine ecological restoration on the improvement of the quality of marine ecosystems and the conditions for the survival and development of the region.The economic input⁃output ratio served as the main indicator of economic benefits,which were used to gauge the value realization capacity of ecological restoration on marine ecological products.Social benefit indicators included social public involvement,satisfaction with ecological consequences,influence on residents′lives,and influence on production and life,which were used to gauge how well the general public viewed the preservation of social fairness and the benefits of marine ecological restoration.Throughout the process of building the assessing indicator system,consideration was given to the effective integration of the system with relevant policy planning,technical standards,and management practices of marine ecological restoration,in addition to the applicability of the assessing indicators,the scientific validity of the assessing methods,data availability,and the rationality of the assessing classification,which helped make research findings more applicable and broadly applicable.It′s crucial to point out that the time⁃space scale constraint of a full benefit evaluation led to this study′s construction of the ecological restoration indicator calculation method just from the vegetation community and ecological space viewpoints.In the long⁃term follow⁃up assessment,the ecological restoration effect assessment component needs to be strengthened.Furthermore,case verification is required for the assessment indication and scoring threshold determination to increase the trustworthiness of technical approaches.The assessment indicator system can give government administrative departments the technical assistance to complete pertinent assessment work and multi⁃objective decision⁃making.It can also offer new approaches and concepts for the advantageous study of marine ecological restoration.