转Cry1Ah基因抗虫玉米HGK60对田间节肢动物多样性的影响

Impact of transgenic insect⁃resistant maize HGK60 with Cry1Ah gene on biodiversity of arthropods in the fields

在常规作物中引入有益目的基因得到的转基因作物,可以为人类社会提供可持续的农业和经济效益,但其大面积种植可能带来的环境安全问题也得到了越来越多的关注。以转Cry1Ah基因玉米HGK60和对照常规玉米郑58为研究对象,采用直接观测法、陷阱调查法和扫网法,在2019—2021连续3年对苗期、喇叭口期、抽穗期和完熟期玉米田间节肢动物进行调查,分析其群落组成、生态指标、群落相似性及稳定性等。结果表明:(1)调查共获得124种48746个体,隶属于11目40科,除中性类群个体数在2019年抽穗期存在显著差异(P<0.05),HGK60与郑58在植食性、捕食性、寄生性以及中性4个类群的个体数量和种数没有显著差异(P>0.05),且不同类群的个体数和物种数在3年各生育期所占比重基本一致。(2)对丰富度指数、Shannon指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数的分析显示,HGK60和郑58在3年各生育期均未表现出显著差异(P>0.05),认为HGK60的种植对田间节肢动物各生态指标无显著影响。(3)从整体及各营养类群来看,HGK60与郑58相似系数较高,认为二者田间节肢动物群落组成相似。(4)HGK60种植对节肢动物群落的相对稳定性没有显著影响(P>0.05)。整体上,HGK60种植对田间节肢动物群落生物多样性的影响很小。研究结果为进一步研究转基因作物的环境风险提供了数据支撑。

The introduction of genetically modified crops with beneficial target genes into conventional crops can provide sustainable agricultural and economic benefits for human society,but the environmental safety problems that may be brought about by its large⁃scale cultivation have been widely concerned.In this study,HGK60,a transgenic maize with Cry1Ah gene,and Zheng 58,a control conventional maize,were investigated in seedling stage,bell stage,heading stage and full ripe stage from 2019 to 2021 by direct observation method,trap investigation method and net sweeping method,and their community composition,ecological indices,community similarity and stability were analyzed.Results showed that:(1)A total of 48746 individuals of 124 species belonging to 11 orders and 40 families were obtained.Except for the neutral group at heading stage in 2019,there was no significant difference in the number of individuals and species between HGK60 and Zheng 58 in the four groups of herbivorous,predatory,parasitic and neutral(P>0.05).Moreover,the number of individuals and species of different group accounted for the same proportion at each growth period in 3 years.(2)The analysis of richness index,shannon index,dominance index and evenness index showed that there was no significant difference between HGK60 and Zheng 58 at each growth period in 3 years(P>0.05),and it was concluded that the planting of HGK60 had no significant effect on the ecological indices of arthropods in the field.(3)From the perspective of the whole and each trophic group,the similarity coefficient of HGK60 and Zheng 58 was higher,and it was believed that the arthropod community composition of HGK60 and Zheng 58 was similar.(4)The planting of HGK60 had no significant effect on the relative stability of arthropod communities(P>0.05).Overall,the planting of HGK60 had little effect on the biodiversity of arthropod communities in the fields.The results provide data support for further research on the environmental risks of genetically modified crops.