探究矿山地质环境现状与生态修复技术的应用

Explore the Current Situation of Mine Geological Environment and the Application of Ecological Restoration Technology

随着工业化进程的加速,矿山开采活动对地质环境造成了严重破坏,导致土地荒漠化、水土流失和生物多样性下降等环境问题,有效的生态修复技术成为缓解这些问题的关键。通过综合运用物理法、化学法和生物法等多种生态修复技术,能够有效改善矿山地质环境,恢复土地生态功能。物理法主要包括土壤置换、隔离技术和热解吸技术;化学法则涉及固化/稳定技术、土壤淋洗和电动力学方法;生物法包括微生物修复和植物修复。此外,团粒喷播技术作为一种新兴的生态修复技术,通过在受损土地上喷播富含有机质的团粒,促进植被恢复,显示出良好的应用前景。矿山地质环境的综合治理与修复需遵循可持续发展的理念,采取科学的指导原则和实施策略,以实现长效的生态修复效果。

With the acceleration of industrialization process,mining activities have caused serious damage to the geological environment,leading to environmental problems such as land desertification,soil erosion and biodiversity decline.Effective ecological restoration technology has become the key to alleviate these problems.Through the comprehensive use of various ecological restoration technologies such as physical,chemical and biological methods,the geological environment of mines can be effectively improved and the ecological function of land can be restored.The physical method mainly includes soil replacement,isolation and thermal desorption;the chemical laws involve curing/stabilization,soil leaching and electrodynamic methods;the biological method includes microbial remediation and phytoremediation.In addition,as an emerging ecological restoration technology,the particle spraying technology has shown good application prospects by spraying organic matter-rich particles in the damaged land to promote vegetation restoration.The comprehensive management and restoration of mine geological environment should follow the concept of sustainable development,adopt scientific guiding principles and implementation strategies to achieve long-term ecological restoration effect.