3个高香茶树品种(系)制作沙县红边茶香气特征研究

Aromatics in Shaxian Red-edge Tea Made from Three High-aroma Tea Varieties

【目的】明确高香茶树品种(系)制成的沙县红边茶(下称红边茶)香气品质及香气特征,加快茶树良种应用,促进红边茶产业发展。【方法】以沙县当地推广种植的高香乌龙茶品种(系)‘0318E’‘黄玫瑰’和‘茗科1号’为原料,‘福建水仙’为对照,制成红边茶。采用感官审评与顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术分别对不同品种红边茶感官品质及香气组分进行综合比较。【结果】感官审评结果表明,0318E红边茶香气花香浓郁,黄玫瑰和茗科1号红边茶为花香显;0318E与黄玫瑰红边茶滋味表现为鲜醇,茗科1号为浓醇鲜爽;在花香与滋味鲜度上新品种均明显提升。香气成分测定结果表明,0318E红边茶香气组成最为独特,其吲哚、脱氢芳樟醇、1-乙基-1H-吡咯、己酸己酯、橙花叔醇、2-戊基呋喃、β-紫罗兰酮、乙酸苯酯、3-呋喃甲醛、(Z)-3-己酸己烯酯、(E)-4,8-二甲基壬基-1,3,7-三烯、芳樟醇氧化物C等多种花果香气组分相对丰度最高;茗科1号制作的红边茶α-法呢烯、β-罗勒烯、芳樟醇和芳樟醇氧化产物等部分重要萜类物质含量较高,吲哚、脱氢芳樟醇、橙花叔醇等花果香气成分仅次于0318E。【结论】高香茶树品种(系)0318E和茗科1号制作红边茶香气品质特征鲜明,适宜进一步推广应用。

【Objective】The quality and aromatic characteristics of Shaxian Red-edge Tea(RET)made from the leaves of 3 high-aroma tea varieties were evaluated for producing the specialty product.【Method】Experimental RET samples were prepared by using the newly cultivated high-aroma tea varieties 0318E,Huangmeigui,and Mingke 1,along with Fujian Shuixian as reference.Sensory evaluation and the headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)were applied to analyze and compare the aromatic characteristics of the resulting specimens.【Result】The sensory panel concluded that the floral fragrance pronounced in the sample made of 0318E and was outstanding in those of Huangmegui and Mingke 1,and that the taste of 0318E and Huangmegui RETs were fresh and mellow,while that of Mingke 1 rich,refreshing,and pleasing.Overall,the experimental samples were significantly improved in sensory quality over the reference.Specifically,0318E RET was most abundant in the floral and fruity indole,hotrienol,1-ethyl-1H-pyrrole,hexyl hexanoate,nerolidol,2-pentylfuran,β-ionone,phenyl acetate,3-furan formaldehyde,cis-3-hexenyl hexanoate,5-hexenyl hexanoate,(E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene,linalool oxide C,and so on;and Mingke 1 RET highest in the desirable terpenoids includingα-farnesene,β-ocimene,linalool,and linalool oxides,and second only to 0318E RET in indole,hotrienol,and nerolidol.【Conclusion】The highly aromatic RETs made of 0318E and Mingke 1 displayed a strong exquisite fragrance renown for the product category.These new cultivars could be additional resource of raw material for manufacturing the specialty tea.