汉魏之际“附于海”地治策及相关问题探析——以青、徐近海政区沿革为中心

Analysis of Governance Strategies in Regions“Adjacent to the Sea”in Han and Wei Dynasties and Related Issues——Centered on the Evolution of Coastal Administrative areas in Qingzhou and Xuzhou

建安三年(198),曹操委“青徐豪霸”以“青、徐二州附于海”,并调整了“附于海”地的政区格局。此举旨在稳定“郡滨山海”的“附于海”地,其地“群贼”众多,活动轨迹多变,颇具现实威胁。“东莱贼”和“海贼”同气连枝,是近海“群贼”的代表。经此调整,“附于海”地政区格局在汉魏之际出现了从简入繁再入简的波动,“青徐豪霸”和“群贼”异构同源,在曹操“厚纳待”下“执义征暴,清定海岱”。南北近海政权围绕“附于海”地积极开展海上事业,“追求从陆到海”之新海洋意识在汉魏之际的“附于海”地得到了具体呈现。

In the third year of Jian’an(198 AD),Cao Cao appointed the local elites of Qingzhou and Xuzhou provinces,known as the“Qingzhou and Xuzhou magnates,”to govern the coastal regions of these provinces,adjusting the administrative divisions of these regions“adjacent to the sea”.The move aimed to stabilize the lands“adjacent to the sea”,which were plagued by numerous bandit groups whose unpredictable movements posed a significant threat.The“Donglai Bandits”and“sea bandits”were representative of these coastal bandit groups,sharing a common origin and mutual support.After this adjustment,the political landscape of the regions“adjacent to the sea”underwent a cyclical pattern of simplicity and complexity during the Han and Wei dynasties.The“Qingzhou and Xuzhou magnates”and“bandit groups”shared a common origin despite their different structures.Under Cao Cao’s generous and accommodating policies,they“upheld justice,suppressed violence,and restored order to the coastal regions”.The coastal regimes in both the north and the south actively pursued maritime undertakings around the regions“adjacent to the sea”,and the new maritime consciousness of“pursuing from land to sea”was concretely presented in the regions“adjacent to the sea”during the period of Han and Wei.