先进有色金属材料无压烧结技术研究进展

Research Progress of Pressureless Sintering Technology of Advanced Non-ferrous Metallic Materials

有色金属材料是航空航天、机械制造、电子通讯等领域不可或缺的战略性材料,其传统的加工方法存在材料利用率低、成本高等问题,限制了有色金属材料的广泛应用。无压烧结技术能够实现形状复杂零件的近净成形,且成本低、设备简单,有助于有色金属材料的批量化、低成本生产。但无压烧结金属成品中普遍存在致密度不足导致其力学性能较差和难以应用等问题。为了解决这些问题,综述了近年来铝合金、钛合金以及钛铝合金等有色金属无压烧结技术的研究进展,介绍了合金化元素、烧结气氛以及粉末粒径等因素对合金烧结致密化、显微组织和力学性能的影响,指出了无压烧结未来的研究与产业化应用发展方向,以期为获得高性能的无压烧结金属制品、促进无压烧结技术的实际应用提供部分参考。

Non-ferrous metallic materials are the strategic materials in aerospace,mechanical manufacturing,electronic communications and other fields.The conventional processing technologies that possess problems such as low-material utilization rate and high costs limit the application prospects of non-ferrous metallic materials.Pressureless sintering technology can achieve the near net forming of parts with complex shapes and additionally,the low cost and the simple equipment are more conducive to industrial production of non-ferrous metallic materials.However,the lack of density leads to poor mechanical properties and difficulty in application of sintered metal products without pressure.To solve these problems,the research progress of pressureless sintering technology in aluminum alloys,titanium alloys,titanium-aluminum alloys and other non-ferrous metals was summarized and the effects of alloying elements,sintering atmospheres and powder particle sizes on the density,microstructure and mechanical properties of alloys processed by pressureless sintering were introduced.The future research and industrial application of non-pressure sintering were pointed out,in order to provide some reference for obtaining high performance non-pressure sintered metal products and promoting the practical application of non-pressure sintering technology.