铝合金增材制造工艺研究现状

Research Status of Aluminum Alloy Additive Manufacturing

随社会的高速发展,对铝合金增材制造技术提出了更高的要求,该技术亟需在制造精度和力学性能方面产生重大突破。对此,本文以控形和控性两方面为切入点,综述了本领域的前沿调控技术。其中,成形精度不足表现在电弧熔丝增材制造领域,调控方式主要为减少不必须的热输入,或通过反馈调节工艺参数,及时修正制造精度。在性能调控方面,本文首先对气孔、裂纹等缺陷形式的控制方法进行概述,包括以引入元素或能场的方式,配合工艺参数优化,抑制或消除这些常见缺陷。与此同时,进一步介绍了元素的引入会形成利于强度提升的强化相,能场的能量输入造成初生晶粒的破碎而利于晶粒细化,结合适当的热处理工艺调控,可实现构件的力学性能的大幅度提升。

The rapid development of the society puts forward higher requirements for aluminum alloy additive manufacturing technology.This technology is urgently needed to produce a major breakthrough in manufacturing precision and mechanical properties.In this regard,cutting-edge regulating technologies in this field were summarized with forming control and property control as the entry points.Among them,the lack of forming accuracy is manifested in the field of wire arc additive manufacturing,and the regulation approach focuses on reducing the unnecessary heat input or adjusting the process parameters through feedback to correct the manufacturing accuracy in a timely manner.As for the performance regulation,control methods of defects such as porosity,cracks,etc.were reviewed to introduce elements or energy fields,with the optimization of process parameters,to inhibit or eliminate these common defects.At the same time,it is further introduced that the introduction of elements to form the precipitation of reinforced phases conducive to the enhancement of strength,and the energy input of the energy field causes the fragmentation of primary grains and is conducive to grain refinement.Combined with appropriate heat treatment process control,the mechanical properties of the components can be greatly improved.