不同饵料对子一代中华鲟产后亲鱼康复效果的影响

DIFFERENT DIETS ON THE POSTPARTUM RECOVERY OF THE OFFSPRING CHINESE STURGEON(ACIPENSER SINENSIS)

研究旨在通过投喂不同饵料对中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis Gary,1835)子一代产后亲鱼的生长性能、血清抗氧化能力、营养物质代谢、肝功能和免疫指标的影响,探究不同饵料对子一代中华鲟产后亲鱼的康复效果。挑选18尾参与2022年繁育的中华鲟子一代亲鱼[平均初始体重为(80.64±9.80)kg],随机分为3组,分别采用投喂配合饲料、冰鲜鱼及配合饲料和冰鲜鱼早晚轮流混合投喂的方式喂养12周。结果表明,配合饲料和冰鲜鱼混合投喂可显著提高子一代中华鲟产后亲鱼的增重率(WGR)、体长增长率(LGR)和胸围增长率(CGR)(P<0.05);在血清抗氧化能力方面,混合投喂组和冰鲜鱼组的子一代中华鲟产后亲鱼血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于投喂配合饲料组(P<0.05);在营养物质代谢方面,相比于投喂配合饲料,投喂冰鲜鱼组的子一代中华鲟产后亲鱼血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(T-CHO)含量显著升高(P<0.05),配合饲料组子一代中华鲟产后亲鱼血清总蛋白(TP)含量显著低于混合投喂组和冰鲜鱼组(P<0.05);在血清肝功能和免疫指标方面,混合投喂组子一代中华鲟产后亲鱼血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.05),而碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及血钙(Ca2+)和血磷(P3+)含量显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05)。在试验结束后15个月追踪研究其性腺发育激素水平,配合饲料组子一代中华鲟产后亲鱼血清雌二醇(E2)含量显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。综上表明,在试验条件下,对子一代中华鲟产后亲鱼早上投喂配合饲料、傍晚投喂冰鲜鱼,两种饵料混合投喂能够加强对营养物质的吸收,提高其生长性能、繁殖性能,并有效增强血清抗氧化免疫酶活性,提高免疫力和机体健康水平,促进其快速产后恢复,为中华鲟保种保育工作打下基础,对中华鲟种质资源的保护具有重要意义。

As an endangered species,the Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)has been artificially cultured in recent years.To maximize resource utilization in aquaculture and enhance reproductive capacity upon maturity,a ley focus is placed on postpartum recovery and the maintenance of parent fish.This experiment investigates the effects of different diets on the growth performance,serum antioxidant capacity,nutrient metabolism,liver function,and immune indicators of the postpartum recovery of the offspring of Chinese sturgeon.The aim is to explore the rehabilitative effects of different diets on the first generation of Chinese sturgeon offspring.Eighteen first-generation parent fish of Chinese sturgeon offspring,with an average initial weight of(80.64±9.80)kg,were selected for breeding in 2022.They were randomly divided into three groups and fed Formula feed(FF),Iced fresh fish(IF),and a combination of Formula feed in the morning and iced fresh fish in the evening(Mix Feed,MF)for 12 weeks.The results showed that the MF diet significantly increased the body weight gain rate(WGR),length gain rate(LGR),and chest circumference gain rate(CGR)of Chinese sturgeon offspring postpartum(P<0.05).In terms of serum antioxidant capacity,the activities of Catalase(CAT)and Superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the MF and IF groups were significantly higher than those in the FF group(P<0.05).Regarding nutrient metabolism,the serum Triglycerides(TG)and Total Cholesterol(T-CHO)content were significantly increased in the MF and IF groups(P<0.05),while the serum Total protein(TP)content was significantly lower in the FF group compared to the MF and IF groups(P<0.05).In terms of serum liver function and immune response,the serum Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activities of the first generation of Chinese sturgeon offspring were significantly lower in the MF group than those in the FF group(P<0.05).Additionally,the Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity,blood Calcium(Ca2+)and blood Phosphorus(P3+)content were significantly higher in the MF group compared to the FF group(P<0.05).Furthermore,fifteen months after the experiment concluded,gonadal development hormones levels were tracked and studied.The serum estradiol(E2)content of the first generation of Chinese sturgeon offspring in the mixed feed group was significantly lower than that of other groups after childbirth(P<0.05).In summary,under the conditions of this experiment,feeding the offspring of Chinese sturgeon with formula feed in the morning and iced fresh fish in the evening can enhance nutrient absorption,improve growth performance,effectively increase serum antioxidant enzyme activity,enhance immunity and overall health,promote rapid postpartum recovery,and establish a foundation for the conservation and preservation of Chinese sturgeon germplasm resources.