野生和养殖青海湖裸鲤临界游泳速度比较及其与体征的关系

COMPARISION OF CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEEDS BETWEEN WILD AND FARMED GYMNOCYPRIS PRZEWALSKII AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH PHYSICAL SIGNS

为探究野生和养殖青海湖裸鲤游泳能力差异,以及游泳能力与体征的关系,研究以青海湖裸鲤为研究对象,利用游泳隧道装置,采用流速递增法,对青海湖裸鲤的野生群体和人工养殖1龄、2龄、3龄群体进行临界游泳速度测定。结果显示,野生组的绝对临界游泳速度(76.17±5.42)cm/s与养殖1龄组(74.59±7.75)cm/s、养殖2龄组(77.58±4.16)cm/s相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著低于养殖3龄组(85.99±7.70)cm/s(P<0.05),养殖2龄组与养殖3龄组的绝对临界游泳速度没有显著差异(P>0.05)。野生组(3.11±0.38)BL/s的相对临界游泳速度显著低于养殖1龄(7.10±0.83)BL/s、2龄(4.86±0.26)BL/s、3龄组(4.78±1.37)BL/s(P<0.05),养殖1龄组的相对临界游泳速度显著高于养殖2龄组和养殖3龄组(P<0.05),养殖2龄组和养殖3龄组的相对临界游泳速度没有明显差异(P>0.05)。临界游泳速度与形态学特征的关系表明,绝对临界游泳速度与全长、体长、头长、体高、体厚、尾柄长、尾柄高、体重无显著相关性,相对临界速度与形态学特征存在显著负相关性。研究表明,在相同年龄,养殖青海湖裸鲤与野生群体相比表现出更强的游泳能力。研究结果可为青海湖裸鲤的人工养殖管理和过鱼通道的建设提供科学依据。

The swimming ability of fish significantly influences their survival,reproduction,and adaptation to the environment.The differences between aquaculture environment and natural habitat may affect fish swimming capabilities.To explore the differences in swimming ability between wild and farmed Gymnocypris przewalskii,as well as the correlation between swimming ability and physical characteristics,this study focuses on Gymnocypris przewalskii and employs a swimming tunnel device along with the flow rate increasing method to determine the critical swimming speed of both wild population and artificially bred 1st,2nd,and 3rd age populations.The results showed that the absolute critical speed of the wild group(76.17±5.42)cm/s was not significantly differ from that of the cultured 1-year-old group(74.59±7.75)cm/s and the cultured 2-year-old group(77.58±4.16)cm/s(P>0.05),but was significantly lower than that of the cultured 3-year-old group(85.99±7.70)cm/s(P<0.05),There is no significant difference in the absolute critical swimming speed between the 2-year-old group and the 3-year-old group(P>0.05).Furthermore,the relative critical swimming speed of the wild group(3.11±0.38)BL/s was significantly lower than that of the cultured 1st age(7.10±0.83)BL/s,2nd age(4.86±0.26)BL/s,and 3rd age group(4.78±1.37)BL/s(P<0.05).The relative critical swimming speed of the cultured 1st age group was significantly higher than that of the cultured 2nd and 3rd age groups(P<0.05),with no significant difference observed between the cultured 2nd and 3rd age groups(P>0.05).Regarding the relationship between critical swimming speed and morphological characteristics,absolute critical swimming speed is not significantly correlate with total length,body length,head length,body height,body thickness,tail stem length,tail stem height,and body weight.However,relative critical speed is significantly negatively correlated with morphological characteristics.In conclusion,at the same age,farmed Gymnocypris przewalskii exhibit stronger swimming abilities compared to wild populations.The results provide a scientific basis for the artificial breeding management of Gymnocypris przewalskii and the construction of fish passage channels.