钢铁流程协同利用有机固废研究进展

Research progress on collaborative utilization of organic solid waste in iron and steel processes

钢铁流程协同利用有机固废具有天然优势,高温条件和完善的污染物治理体系有利于有机固废无害化处置,不会对环境造成二次污染。有机固废作为燃料替代化石能源,既降低了钢铁生产成本,又减少了CO_(2)排放,实现变“废”为“宝”。钢铁流程协同利用有机固废具有绿色发展、保护生态环境等多重效益,符合钢铁企业的发展需求。总结了钢铁流程处置有机固废的研究进展,概述了有机固废在铁矿烧结、高炉炼铁、转底炉以及电弧炉炼钢等钢铁生产工序中的利用现状和所面临的技术瓶颈。结合转底炉工艺在固废处置领域的优势和特色,提出了以转底炉为中心的多炉窑集成有机固废处理新技术,包括有机固废热裂解系统、转底炉系统、氢等离子体熔融热解炉系统和烟气污染物控制系统。利用热解气化炉对有机固废进行热解,得到可燃气和热解碳。可燃气用以替代天然气为转底炉提供能源。热解碳可替代焦粉、煤粉与铁锌尘泥制备含碳球团,在转底炉冶炼条件下得到有价金属粉尘和金属化球团,有价金属粉尘富集后通过火法-湿法联合工艺得到高附加值的锌锭、铅锭、铟锭等金属,金属化球团则通过氢等离子体熔融热解炉生产铁水。整套工艺的烟气在转底炉烟气处理系统中集中减排实现污染物超低排放,为钢铁流程协同处理城市有机固废提供新思路。

The collaborative utilization of organic solid waste in the steel process has natural advantages.High temperature conditions and a complete pollutant treatment system in the process are conducive to the harmless disposal of organic solid waste.Futhermore,there is no possibility of them casusing secondary pollution to the environment.Organic solid waste is used as fuel to replace fossil energy,which not only cuts steel production costs but also reduces CO_(2)emissions,turning waste into treasure.The collaborative utilization of organic solid waste in the steel process achieves multiple benefits such as green sustainable development and ecological environment protection,and meets the actual development needs of steel companies.The research progress of organic solid waste disposal in steel processes,and outlines the current utilization status and technical bottlenecks of organic solid waste in iron ore sintering,blast furnace ironmaking,rotary hearth furnace,electric arc furnace steelmaking and other steel production processes were summarized.Combining the advantages and characteristics of the rotary hearth furnace technology in the field of solid waste,the author proposes a new multi-kiln integrated organic solid waste treatment technology centered on the rotary hearth furnace,specifically including the organic solid waste heat transfer system,the rotary hearth furnace system,and the conversion pyrolysis furnace system and flue gas control system.The system uses a pyrolysis gasification furnace to pyrolyze organic solid waste to produce combustible gas and pyrolysis carbon.Combustible gas is used to replace natural gas to provide energy for the rotary hearth furnace.Pyrolytic carbon can replace coke powder,coal powder and iron and zinc dust sludge to prepare carbon-containing pellets,and obtain valuable metal dust and metallized pellets under rotary hearth furnace smelting conditions.After the valuable metal dust is enriched,high value-added metals such as zinc ingots,lead ingots,and indium ingots are obtained through a combined fire-wet process.Metalized pellets are produced through a hydrogen plasma melting pyrolysis furnace to produce molten iron.The flue gas of the entire process is concentrated in the rotary hearth furnace flue gas treatment system to achieve ultra-low pollutant emissions,which provides a new idea for the coordinated treatment of urban organic solid waste in the steel process.