药用植物天麻的主要成分天麻素的抗疲劳机制研究

Study on the Anti-Fatigue Mechanism of Gastrodin,the Main Component of the Medicinal Plant Gastrodia elata

天麻(Gastrodia elata Bl.)是中国的一种传统中草药,具有悠久药用历史。天麻素(gastrodin,GAS)是天麻中的一种重要酚苷成分,药理活性广泛。本研究旨在探讨药用植物天麻的主要活性成分天麻素(gastrodin,GAS)对运动性疲劳的改善作用及其潜在机制,特别是其在激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)途径中的作用。通过对力竭运动(EE)大鼠模型的实验研究,发现天麻素显著提高了磷酸化AMPKα(Thr172)的水平,改善了大鼠的能量代谢状态,增加了糖原储备量,降低了乳酸(LA)和血尿素氮(BUN)的积累,从而显著提高了大鼠的抗疲劳能力。此外,天麻素还能有效抑制运动后的氧化应激反应,提高抗氧化酶的活性,减少脂质过氧化产物的生成。这些结果表明,天麻素能通过激活AMPK途径,促进能量代谢和抗氧化防御机制,是其发挥抗疲劳作用的关键机制之一。本研究为天麻素及天麻在运动医学和疲劳管理领域的应用提供了新的理论依据和实验支持。

Gastrodia elata Bl.,a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,has a long history of medicinal use.Gastrodin(GAS)is an important phenolic glucoside component of Gastrodia elata,with a wide range of pharmacological activities.This study aims to explore the anti-fatigue effect and its underlying mechanism of gastrodin,especially its role in activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway.Through experimental research on the exhaustive exercise(EE)rat model,it was found that gastrodin significantly increased the level of phosphorylated AMPKα(Thr172),improved the rats'energy metabolism status,increased glycogen reserves,and reduced the accumulation of lactic acid(LA)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN),thereby significantly enhancing the rats'anti-fatigue capacity.Additionally,gastrodin effectively inhibited the oxidative stress response after exercise,increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and reduced the production of lipid peroxidation products.These results indicate that activating the AMPK pathway and promoting energy metabolism and antioxidant defense mechanisms are key mechanisms by which gastrodin exerts its anti-fatigue effects.This study provides new theoretical and experimental support for the application of gastrodin and Gastrodia elata in sports medicine and fatigue management.