美国“9·11”小说人物形象的历史文化阐释

Historical and Cultural Interpretations of Characters in American 9/11 Novels

“9·11”恐怖袭击事件已成为当代美国历史进程中“一种新的起源创伤”。作为书写历史的重要媒介,美国“9·11”小说在典型人物形象的塑造方面逐渐呈现重述历史、重构文化的新特征。从历史与文化双重互动的角度来看,美国“9·11”小说中“坠落的人”“走钢丝的人”“陌生人”三类人物形象展现了后“9·11”典型文化形象的不同生成过程和文化价值:“坠落的人”代表了后“9·11”文化“断裂”语境中相对稳定而凝固的历史感知者形象;“走钢丝的人”借由发生于1974年杂技艺人在世贸双塔间走钢丝的历史事件“预见”21世纪之初的“9·11”事件,从而成为隐喻历史进程中如何凭借对称性与规律性实现文化“修通”的历史预见者形象;而作为人际交往中集体意象的“陌生人”形象,凭借唤起“自我与他者具有差异性的共同卷入”的书写方式,成为弥合“断裂”、着眼未来的历史超越者形象。美国“9·11”小说三类人物形象在后“9·11”语境中通过展演、重塑历史意识,承载感知、预见、超越等文化使命,不断创造性地释放文学价值。

In the historical process of the United States,9/11 terrorist attack has been regarded as one of the new-era"founding trauma".American 9/1l novels characterize several typical images to solidify,reflect and reshape post-9/11 history and culture.This paper interprets the generations of"falling man","tightrope walker"and"strangers"from the dual perspective of history and culture:"Falling man",functioning as the historical perceiver,mainly produces the solidified post-9/1l culture of"rupture"."Tightrope walker",serving as the historical foreseer,basically focuses on the historical event of acrobats walking on a tightrope between the twin towers of the World Trade Center in 1974 to"premediate"the 9/11 terrorist attack in 2001,thereby foreseeing the way of"working through"in the historical process."Strangers"aim to become the historical transcendent by appealing to"transferential co-implication between self and other".These three types of cultural characters in American 9/11 novels are condensed into pre-and-post 9/11 history from"rupture"to"working through"and consistently release literary value in the post-9/11 context.