粮食安全视域下日本新农业基本法的修改动向分析

Analysis of the Revision Trend of Japan's New Agricultural Basic Law from the Perspective of Food Security

2024年6月,日本修改后的新农业基本法正式施行。此次修改是该法自1999年出台以来的首次修改,标志着日本农政体系迎来重大变革。由于粮食供需新形势给粮食安全带来新挑战,农业绿色发展趋势向粮食安全提出新要求,劳动力持续减少使粮食生产能力提升面临阻碍,日本粮食安全保障正处在历史转折点上,这成为日本修改新农业基本法的最大动力。从修改思路来看,此次修改主要瞄准三大支柱性内容:一是确保每位国民日常的粮食安全;二是推动农业和食品产业向重视环境的可持续道路转型;三是在人口减少背景下确保可持续和强大的粮食供应基础。中国与日本农业发展条件较为相似,为全方位夯实粮食安全根基,中国需要坚持大农业观、大食物观,完善粮食应急保障体系,落实“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略,培育新型农业经营主体和服务主体,并兼顾粮食安全与农业绿色发展。

In June 2024,Japan's revised New Agricultural Basic Law was officially implemented.This revision is the first revision of the law since its promulgation in 1999,which indicates that Japan's agricultural policy system has ushered in major changes.Since the new situation of food supply and demand brings new challenges to food security,the green development trend of agriculture puts forward new requirements for food security,and the continuous reduction of labor force hinders the improvement of food production capacity,Japan's food security is at a turning point in history,which has become the biggest driving force for Japan to revise its New Agricultural Basic Law.Judging from the revision idea,this revision mainly aims at three pillars.The first goal is ensuring the daily food security of every citizen.The second one is promoting the transformation of agriculture and food industry to a sustainable road that attaches importance to the environment.The third one is ensuring a sustainable and strong food supply base under the background of population decline.China and Japan have relatively similar agricultural development conditions.In order to consolidate the foundation of food security in all directions,China needs to adhere to the concept of big agriculture and big food,improve the emergency food security system,implement the strategy of"storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology",cultivate new types of agricultural operators and service providers,and give attention to both food security and the green development of agriculture.