城乡义务教育一体化发展改革进路研究

Reform Strategies for Integrated Development of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education in China

随着新时代城乡发展格局的变化和教育需求的升级,重新审视城乡义务教育一体化发展变得尤为重要。在个体层面,它回应民生关切,有效缓解日益突出的教育焦虑问题;在社会层面,它通过促进优质均衡发展,有助于进一步缩小城乡教育差距;在国家层面,它能够适应人口流动新趋势,为乡村振兴战略赋能。尽管城乡义务教育一体化已取得了显著进展,但在推进过程中仍面临不平衡与不充分的挑战。不平衡主要体现在优质教育资源分配不均和乡村教育的独特价值被忽视;不充分主要体现在配套服务体系不完善和全方位育人生态尚未建立。针对这些问题,从理念、实践与治理三方面提出改革进路:一是要摒弃“重城抑乡”观念,构建平等互利教育关系,实现资源共享和要素流动;二是因地制宜探索“新乡村教育”,创新教育发展模式,满足农村地区的特殊需求;三是健全乡村教育治理格局,提升协同育人成效,确保政策落地和持续推进。通过系统性改革,城乡义务教育有望深度融合,最终达成教育公平和社会公平的目标。

As urban and rural development patterns shift and educational demands evolve in the new era,the integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education has become increasingly crucial.This issue not only impacts people’s well⁃being but also serves as a strategic initiative influencing social progress and national development.At the individual level,it addresses pressing concerns about educational access and mitigates rising anxiety over disparities in education.At the societal level,it helps bridge the urban⁃rural education gap by promoting equitable and high⁃quality development.Nationally,it aligns with population mobility trends and supports the rural revitalization strategy.Despite notable progress in integrating urban and rural education,challenges remain,particularly in the areas of uneven resource distribution and an underappreciation of rural education’s unique value.Additional issues include inadequacies in the supporting service system and the absence of a comprehensive educational ecosystem.This paper proposes three key reform approaches to address these challenges:(1)shift away from the mindset of prioritizing urban over rural education,fostering an equitable,mutually beneficial relationship that enables resource sharing and fluidity;(2)develop“new rural education”models tailored to local conditions,innovating to meet rural⁃specific educational needs;and(3)strengthen rural education governance structures,improve collaborative efforts,and ensure policy implementation and continuity.Through these systematic reforms,deeper integration of urban and rural compulsory education can be achieved,ultimately fostering educational equity and social justice.