学前教育高质量发展与体制机制改革进路

High⁃Quality Development of Preschool Education and Pathways for Systemic and Mechanistic Reform

学前教育高质量发展是教育强国建设背景下的必然要求。促进学前教育高质量发展,需要在方向上澄清发展内涵并在路径上扫清制度性障碍。基于理论、政策、实践三重视角的价值旨归,学前教育高质量发展的内在规定性体现为:为了所有儿童的包容性内涵、托底所有儿童的普惠性内涵、发展所有儿童的支持性内涵、契合社会要求的适应性内涵和维持优教生态的可持续性内涵。但在实然层面,学前教育发展水平距离高质量尚有差距,并主要受到办园体制、投入机制、管理机制的制约。为此,要深化学前教育体制机制改革,秉持“儿童本位、公益定位”的改革立场和“因地制宜、分域渐进”的改革原则,落实“政府主导、公办主体”的办园体制和“省市统筹、县级负责”的管理体制,优化“多元主体、多级政府”的投入机制和“标准先行、评估保障”的工作机制,以推动学前教育高质量发展。

The high⁃quality development of preschool education is essential for advancing a nation committed to educational excellence.To foster such development,it is crucial to define the key elements and overcome institutional barriers.This paper examines the theoretical,policy,and practical dimensions of high⁃quality preschool education,emphasizing inclusiveness,accessibility,supportability,adaptability,and sustainability as core values.Despite progress,there remains a significant gap between current preschool education practices and high⁃quality standards,primarily due to limitations in the management system,funding mechanisms,and administrative structures.This paper argues for deepening systemic and mechanistic reforms in preschool education by maintaining a“child⁃centered,public⁃welfare⁃oriented”approach,while adhering to region⁃specific,gradual reforms.The reform strategy advocates for a“primarily state⁃run(government dominant)”management system with provincial and municipal planning and county⁃level implementation,an optimized financial input mechanism involving multiple stakeholders and government levels and a working mechanism prioritizing standards and evaluation⁃based quality assurance.These efforts aim to bridge existing gaps and accelerate the high⁃quality development of preschool education in China.