英国市场模式职业教育管理制度:特征、局限与改进

British Market⁃Oriented Vocational Education Management System:Characteristics,Limitations,and Reform Strategies

英国市场模式职业教育管理制度具有四个本质特征:政府主要依靠经济手段干预职业教育的发展,非政府或半官方机构对职业教育的结果实施考核与认证,成本收益原则控制着职业教育培训的供给,个人必须对自己的教育和培训行为负责。该制度的狭隘性、逐利性、放任性和有限性是导致英国职业教育概念范围狭窄、企业低参与和低投入、运行混乱与成效不佳的主要原因。明确人才培养目标、开展外部质量监控,运用多种手段解决投入与参与问题,借助政府主导的培训项目推动各类劳动力的教育与培训,借助国家职业资格拓展职业教育概念、规范资格授予市场是英国政府改进市场模式局限性的主要举措。

The British market⁃oriented vocational education management system is defined by four key characteristics:government intervention primarily through economic measures,assessment and certification of vocational education outcomes by non⁃governmental or semi⁃official bodies,regulation of vocational education and training supply based on cost⁃benefit principles,and the expectation that individuals bear responsibility for their own education and training.However,this system is hindered by inherent deficiencies,such as its narrow scope,profit⁃driven nature,laissez⁃faire approach,and structural limitations.These issues have led to a restricted understanding of vocational education,low enterprise participation and investment,disorganized operation,and suboptimal outcomes.To address these challenges,the British government has implemented several key measures:clarifying talent cultivation objectives and implementing external quality monitoring;improving investment and participation through diverse strategies;promoting workforce education and training via government⁃led initiatives;expanding the vocational education concept through national vocational qualifications;and regulating the qualification⁃granting market.