冬季覆盖作物对水稻生长及稻田土壤养分状况的影响

Effects of Winter Covering Crops on Rice Growth and Soil Nutrient Status in the Paddy Fields

为了筛选冬季适宜湖北地区稻田种植的覆盖作物,在湖北武汉开展了大田试验,研究了不同冬季覆盖作物对水稻产量、养分及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,冬季覆盖作物可以促进水稻增产6.95%~12.91%,冬季种植绿肥比油菜秸秆还田在一定程度上更利于提高水稻产量。冬季覆盖作物主要影响水稻的每穗粒数,可提高水稻的干物质量12.15%~18.22%,氮素积累量增加3.44%~13.66%,钾素积累量增加3.17%~11.12%,秸秆还田对于提高水稻钾素积累量效果明显。冬季覆盖作物可以增加水稻收获期根际土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和转化酶的活性,使水稻收获后土壤的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别增加3.42%~7.92%、2.81%~21.77%和2.05%~8.55%,种植肥田油菜水稻收获后土壤中碱解氮和有效磷含量最高,秸秆还田土壤中速效钾含量最高。

In order to screen suitable winter covering crops for rice cultivation in Hubei region,field experiments were conducted in Wuhan,Hubei to study the effects of different winter covering crops on rice yield,nutrients,and soil nutrient content.The results showed that winter planting of covered crops could promote rice yield by 6.95%-12.91%,and planting green manure in winter was more conducive to improving rice yield than returning rapeseed straw to the field to a certain extent.Winter covering crops mainly affected the number of grains per panicle of rice,which could improve the dry matter quality of rice by 12.15%-18.22%,increase nitrogen accumulation by 3.44%-13.66%,and potassium accumulation by 3.17%-11.12%.Returning straw to the field had a significant effect on increasing potassium accumulation in rice.Winter covering crops could increase the activity of urease,phosphatase,and invertase in the rhizosphere soil during the rice harvest period,resulting in an increase of 3.42%-7.92%,2.81%-21.77%,and 2.05%-8.55%in the alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium content of the soil after rice harvest.Planting rapeseed and rice in a fertile field had the highest alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus content in the soil after rice harvest,while straw returning had the highest available potassium content in the soil.