不同流量点源入渗对苹果园土壤盐分分布的影响

Effects of Infiltration from Different Flow Point Sources on Soil Salt Distribution in Apple Orchard

[目的]通过调查点源入渗体的盐分分布特征,分析随着滴灌点源入渗苹果园土壤盐分的变化规律,筛选出影响主干型苹果园土壤盐分分布的最佳滴头流量和滴灌时长。[方法]设置5种滴头流量(q_(1)、q_(2)、q_(3)、q_(4)、CK),采用剖面网格取样法,分别于滴灌前、滴灌开始3、7、10 h和滴灌结束24 h监测滴头点下水平、垂直各网格的土壤含盐量,进一步研究滴头流量和滴灌时长对土壤盐分水平方向和垂直方向分布的影响。[结果]各处理距滴头水平距离0~60 cm中,处理q_(2)滴灌7 h的土壤含盐量最低,为82.55 g/kg,较CK降低了6.33 g/kg。距滴头垂直距离0~30 cm中,处理q_(2)滴灌7 h时的土壤含盐量最低,为83.67 g/kg,较CK降低了10.26 g/kg。[结论]影响苹果园土壤盐分运移的最佳滴头流量为8 L/h,最适宜的滴灌时长为7 h。

[Objective]By investigating the salt distribution characteristics of point source infiltration bodies,the changes of soil salinity in apple orchards with the infiltration of drip irrigation point sources were analyzed to screen out the optimal dripper discharge and drip irrigation duration that affect the distribution of soil salt in the main apple orchard.[Method]Set five types of dripper discharge for experiment(q_(1),q_(2),q_(3),q_(4),CK),using profile grid sampling method,monitor the soil salt content of the horizontal and vertical grids under the drip point before drip irrigation,at 3,7,10 hours after the start of drip irrigation and at 24 hours after the end of drip irrigation,further study on the effects of drip flow rate and drip irrigation duration on the horizontal and vertical distribution of soil salinity.[Result]The research results indicate that:the horizontal distance between each treatment and the emitter is 0-60 cm,soil salt content is the lowest when treated with q_(2)drip irrigation for 7 hours,is 82.55 g/kg,reduced by 6.33 g/kg compared to the control group(CK).Vertical distance from the emitter 0 to 30 cm,soil salt content is the lowest when treated with q_(2)drip irrigation for 7 hours,is 83.67 g/kg,reduced by 10.26 g/kg compared to the control group.[Conclusion]This indicates that the optimal drip flow rate that affects soil salt transport in apple orchards in this experiment is 8 L/h,the most suitable drip irrigation duration is 7 hours.