4R危机管理理论视阈下农村突发公共卫生事件治理能力阻滞及优化

Obstruction and Optimization of Governance Capability for Rural Public Health Emergencies from the Perspective of 4R Crisis Management Theory

突发公共卫生事件应急情境下,以4R危机管理为动态治理流程视角,结合乡村实地调研与访谈素材,分析了直面农村基层政府卫生应急治理能力的阻滞因素:危机缩减能力疲软,风险意识淡薄,应急预案偏离实际;危机预备能力有限,应急人力、物力供需失衡,应急物资分配效率低下;危机反应能力局促,应急部门反应迟滞,应急管理精细化程度不足;危机恢复能力轻视,事后恢复大局观不足,缺乏系统总结与经验沟通。提出了农村基层政府突发公共卫生事件治理能力的优化建议:更新理念,强化基层官民风险意识和危机学习能力;下沉资源,完善农村应对突发公共卫生事件资源保障体系;优化体制,构建多元主体共同参与的公共危机治理格局;革新机制,完善“上下联动,横向协同”的应急处置机制。

Under the governance of public health emergencies,taking 4R crisis management as the perspective of dynamic governance process,combined with rural field research and interviews,we directly face the shortcomings exposed in the grass-roots health emergency governance practice:weak crisis reduction capacity,weak risk awareness,and deviation of emergency plans from the actual situation;limited crisis preparedness,imbalance between supply and demand of emergency manpower and materials,and inefficient distribution of emergency materials;limited crisis response capacity,delayed response of the emergency department,and insufficient refinement of emergency management;Crisis recovery capacity is belittling,insufficient big-picture view of recovery after the incident,and lack of systematic summarisation and communication of experience.Proposed optimization suggestions for the governance capacity of rural grassroots governments in sudden public health emergencies:update the concept,strengthen the risk awareness and crisis learning ability of grass-roots officials and citizens;sink resources,optimise the resource guarantee system for rural areas to cope with public health emergencies;optimise the system,build a public crisis management pattern in which diversified main bodies participate together;innovate the mechanism,and improve the emergency disposal mechanism of“up and down linkage,horizontal synergy”emergency response mechanism.