大白菜莲座叶大叶夹角和多分蘖材料的创制及其应用

Creation and Application of Big Rosette Leaf Angle and Mutiple Tillers Material of Chinese

为加快小株型、适合高密度种植的大白菜品种和多分蘖的不结球白菜、菜薹品种选育,进而改良大白菜种植模式,提高大白菜产量和品质,以大白菜、菜心、红菜薹为材料,采用常规杂交方法进行三亲本杂交,以期创制新的种质材料;同时,以创制的大白菜21M-193为亲本和大白菜白阳杂交,构建6世代遗传群体,研究大白菜莲座叶叶夹角和分蘖的遗传和应用。结果表明:多亲本间杂交创制的大白菜材料21M-193具有大叶夹角和多分蘖的特性。经测量,21M-193平均叶夹角度数为82.7°,白阳平均叶夹角度数为30.5°,两者杂交F_(1)代平均叶夹角度数为40.7°,偏向于白阳,表现为小叶夹角表型。F2代单株叶夹角则呈现正态分布,小于10°和大于84°的极端个体很少,30°~50°的中间类型占绝大多数,其分离比例不符合孟德尔遗传规律,推测大白菜莲座叶叶夹角遗传是由多基因控制的数量性状。此外,调查发现21M-193分蘖数达到28个/株,白阳分蘖数为7个/株,其F_(1)代分蘖数为18个/株,居于中间,偏向于21M-193。研究结果不仅创制了大叶夹角和多分蘖的大白菜新种质,而且初步揭示了大白菜叶夹角和分蘖性状的遗传规律,还为这两个重要农艺性状的基因定位与分子辅助育种提供了宝贵的材料和数据支持,对推动大白菜品种改良及高产、优质栽培模式创新具有重要意义。

To accelerate breeding of small-sized,high-density planting Chinese cabbage varieties,multi-tiller non-heading Chinese cabbage and flowering Chinese cabbage varieties,thereby reforming the planting mode to improve yield and quality of Chinese cabbage,conventional hybridization methods were used for three parents hybridization in order to create new germplasm materials by using Brassica rapa pekinensis,Brassica rapa parachinensis,Brassica rapa purpurea as materials.At the same time,a 6-generation genetic population was constructed by crossing the newly created Chinese cabbage‘21M-193’with the Chinese cabbage‘Baiyang’to study the inheritance and application of the rosette leaf angle and tiller in Chinese cabbage.The results showed that‘21M-193’created by multiple-parent hybridization exhibited the characteristics of big leaf angle and multiple tillers.Measurement data indicated that the average leaf angle of‘21M-193’was 82.7°,while‘Baiyang’had an average leaf angle of 30.5°.The average leaf angle of F_(1) hybrid of‘21M-193’and‘Baiyang’was 40.7°,leaning towards‘Baiyang’,displaying a small leaf angle phenotype.Among F_(2),the leaf angles showed a normal distribution with few extreme individuals below 10°and above 84°,and the majority of intermediate types between 30°and 50°.The segregation ratio did not conform to Mendelian inheritance laws,suggesting that the inheritance of leaf angle of Chinese cabbage rosette leaf was a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes.Additionally,it was found that‘21M-193’had 28 tillers per plant,while‘Baiyang’had 7 tillers per plant.The tiller number of F_(1) hybrid of‘21M-193’and‘Baiyang’was 18 tillers per plant,which was intermediate level of‘21M-193’and‘Baiyang’,leaning towards‘21M-193’.The above research results not only create a new germplasm of Chinese cabbage with big leaf angle and multiple tillers,but also preliminarily reveal the genetic laws of leaf angle and tiller traits in Chinese cabbage.It also provides valuable materials and data support for gene mapping and molecular assisted breeding of these two important agronomic traits,which will be of great significance for promoting the improvement of varieties and innovation of high-yield and high-quality cultivation modes of Chinese cabbage.